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محیط شناسی، جلد ۴۱، شماره ۲، صفحات ۴۸۳-۴۹۸
عنوان فارسی بهسازی محیطی و ارتقای کیفیت فضایی مناطق فرسودۀ شهری در چارچوب توسعۀ پایدار از طریق تداخل بر اونفیلدها در سیستم زیرساخت‌های سبز (نمونۀ موردی: منطقۀ ۱۲ تهران)
چکیده فارسی مقاله فرسودگی بافت در نواحی مرکزی شهرها از مهم‌ترین مسائل پیش‌روی تداوم حیات شهری است. مهاجرت و جایگزینی ساکنان، تغییر کاربری و ایجاد فعالیت‌های ناسازگار با سازمان فضایی کالبدی بافت قدیم، به افت کیفیت زندگی و تغییر شکل این بافت‌ها منجر می‌شود. امروزه بافت‌های فرسوده با مشکلات ساختاری و اکولوژیکی گوناگون نظیر آلودگی هوا، مشکلات ترافیکی، کمبود فضاهای باز برای زندگی اجتماعی، فقدان فضاهای سبز کافی برای ایجاد شرایط مطلوب و تعادل محیطی، خردشدن لکه‌های فضاهای سبز و افزایش زمین‌های متروکه و بایر مواجه‌اند. محققان راه‌حل آن را در تغییر نگرش برنامه‌ریزان برای بازسازی و بازگرداندن فضاهای بایر به شریان حیات شهری از طریق رویکرد سیستماتیک پیوسته در قالب ایجاد یا تقویت زیرساخت‌های سبز شهری می‌دانند. در این پژوهش با شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی اراضی بایر، الگوی مناسب از شبکۀ فضاهای سبز و باز در یک سیستم اکولوژیکی به هم پیوسته در منطقۀ مرکزی تهران ارائه شد. کاربست مدل کشش (Gravity Model) و روش روی‌هم‌گذاری لایه‌های اطلاعاتی موجود و مقایسۀ ارزش اکولوژیک خیابان‌ها نشان می‌دهد که مدل کشش حلقه‌ای مناسب‌ترین گزینه برای انطباق با شرایط بافت فرسودۀ منطقۀ 12 در مرکز تهران است.
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عنوان انگلیسی Environmental Rehabilitation of Urban Distressed areas for improving the Quality of open and green spaces through integrating Brownfields into the green infrastructure systems in the framework of sustainable
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Introduction Cities are manmade ecosystems that differ from other ecosystems in several ways. Ecological scholars have described the city as a heterotrophic ecosystem highly dependent on large inputs of energy and materials and a vast capacity to absorb emissions and waste. Compared to a "natural" ecosystem with a typical energy budget ranging between 1,000 and 10,000 Kcal per square meters per year, cities consume a vastly larger amount of energy. The budget of an urban ecosystem in an industrialized country can range between 100,000 and 300,000 Kcal per square meter per year. Other key differences in urban ecosystems are the lack of integration of habitat patches, the invasion of nonnative species, and the external control of succession [2]. By the way, cites like the other dynamic ecosystems tend to chaos. According to the Gunderson & Holing theory that names "Adaptive Theory" all the ecosystems pass 4­ stages: Rapid growth Conservation Collapse Reorganization/regeneration In this process, old citiesfacing modern life, May lost their resilience ability to adapt themselves with new changes. Many cities are extended to the suburb instead of passing from collapse to regeneration step which is contrast to sustainable urban development and will stop being a well-defined spatial entity.  In the urban planning context, revitalization means the planning measures that are necessary to improve the physical, social, economic activities of distressed areas which have lost their original functional vitality. The aim of urban revitalization should be an appropriate balance between urbanization and natural conservation. It includes maintenance of its natural resources and extending nature into the city. For regeneration stage we should use strategies such as conservation, rehabilitation, renewal &etc. as necessary.   Materials & Method The gravity model calculates the interaction between eachpair of nodes a and b using the following formulas: Na = [x(ha) / s(ha)]*10 Gab = (Na *Nb) / Dab2 The level of interaction represents the efficiency of corridors andthe significance of linked nodes: pairs of nodes with higher habitual quality and lower impedance have greater interaction. Where Gab is the interaction between nodes a,and b, N,is node weight of node a, Nb is node weight of node b,and Dab is distance between the centroids of nodes aand b. The next step is to generate schemes that connect the nodes based on the information gained from the model. One of the primary concerns in network analysis is efficiency.     Discussion of Results According to sustainable regeneration we can design patches and their connected corridors in different levels Patch hierarchies allow researchers to ask questions related to what factors influence the patterns and processes observed at each nested scale and functional relationship within and between scales. Urban landscape as a complex mosaic of biological and physical patches with in a matrix of infrastructure and social organization has heterogeneity in its ecosystem. By considering these principles we suggest a table for urban regeneration.   Table 1: Two different levels for urban regeneration in distressed areas   Regeneration level Connectivity Models   regional level Integrate open, green and redeveloped brownfields to reach an ecological network in patch-corridor framework in regional level   Gravity model   local level( Sectoral part of region or neighborhood) Design the patch & corridors according to social, recreational, conservational , cultural needs in local level   Green way planning strategies     The connectivity indices in Gravity modelcan be useful measure for describing the degree of connectivity.It is an appropriate approach togreenway planning, as it provides a method of systematizingthe relationship between elements that can serveas greenway nodes as well as accounting for the conditionsof the potential links. By this model we suggest three different ecological structure(model, B &C) of  green,open and derelict spaces , and  reach a new structure of optimum  ecological condition (model C)   Table2: three different ecological network in district 12 of Tehran Ecological map Apply on district12 typologies model         A         B         C     Conclusion Redevelopment of derelict lands by turning them to the green infrastructure in a network and integrating them to the upper level network is a smart conservation of land and that reduces the ecological and social impacts of sprawl and the accelerated consumption and fragmentation of open lands. By this kind of sustainable regeneration, cities have the interaction among ecological, social and economic processes, useful to dynamic change of urban structure. Green infrastructure systems help protect and restore naturally functioning ecosystems and provide a framework for future development and redevelopment. In doing so, they provide a diversity of ecological, social, and economic functions and benefits: enriched habitat and biodiversity; maintenance of natural landscape processes clear air and water; increased recreational opportunities; improved health; and better connection to nature and sense of place.Many researchers hence, argued on the necessity of changes in approaches towards the derelict lands to be able to return them into the cities life and livability systems. This chapter present the results of an ecological systematic approach together with the application of Gravity Model in the district 12 Tehran city. Several scenarios were prepared and compared to make most use of decayed urban lands and distressed urban fabric for creating an integrated ecological green infrastructure network.  The evidence from this study suggested the efficiency of cyclical Gravity Model for urban fabrics in the Tehran inner city areas.      
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نویسندگان مقاله محمد رضا مثنوی | mohammad reza
دانشیار گروه مهندسی طراحی محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه تهران (Tehran university)

اسماعیل صالحی |
دانشیار گروه مهندسی برنامه ریزی و مدیریت و آموزش محیط زیست دانشکدۀ محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه تهران (Tehran university)

مینو باغبانی |
کارشناس ارشد مهندسی طراحی محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه تهران (Tehran university)

نشانی اینترنتی http://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_54995_5035aa748cc7be2744670f8bea35f1ab.pdf
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