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نامه معماری و شهرسازی، جلد ۲، شماره ۴، صفحات ۶۱-۷۶
عنوان فارسی بررسی مقایس های مفهوم اکوموزه با موز ه های سنتی
چکیده فارسی مقاله
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله موزه، اکوموزه، موزه فضای باز، موزه روستایی، حفاظت،
عنوان انگلیسی Comparison of the Concept of Eco-museum with the Museums
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله The human being places his past and present in museums, in order to refer to the and think about hisfuture. Along with changes in the course of time, the science of curatorship has employed modern anddifferent methods and approaches than the past for conservation of cultural – natural heritage and based onits requirements has been so much intermingled with architecture, social sciences and environment. As theconcept of conservation is not limited to restoration, documentation, and introducing object, the museum-also- is not limited to a place wherein objects are kept to be visited by the public. Traditional museumsfocused on public administrations and in any case influenced by a nostalgic, traditional approach to thecultural heritage. In the 1970s and particularly in 1970 and after the energy crisis a powerful movement ofrediscovery of local culture emerged and the states comprehension of heritage concept changed. Followingthe mentioned global procedure and movement, formulation of different charters focusing in considerationof rural habitats are on the agenda, as establishment of rural museums, museums of farming life and ecomuseums.Now, we observe open space museums, natural parks and eco- museums, which have a majorrole in reinforcement, revival, and exhibit the mankind's creativity in their environment, in differentdesigns and sizes that are common in different countries. Generally speaking, eco-museums have deeproots in the development of museology. They are in essence, museums which are more than institutes ofcultural heritage preservation. Eco-museums policies and practices, which embody cultural as well as localdevelopment initiatives, are outstanding examples of this new movement. Through analysis of the trendand various approaches in this regard, this paper tries to focus on the factors and differentiations betweeneco-museums and traditional museums. Moreover, it introduces existing challenges from differentviewpoints, including formation and different functional patterns. The results show that if this type ofmuseums is targeted by major touristic activities in long run, they will not only doom to fail but also theywill consume the very heritage they erected for. When there is a conflict between tourism and preservationof culture the later must be given priority. The problem is that many eco-museums are not really institutedfor exchanging information; many of them were created solely to obtain the financing available underregional laws. Public participation of locals is essential to the eco-museums. This principle should cover avery wide scope something more than mere exhibition of their tradition and appearance before the visitors.From the other side, in selection of place and type of activities of an eco-museum, not only the socio –cultural compatibility is of importance but also it is necessary to consider environmental structure of theregion wherein the museum is established. There is no definite style for eco-museums. They will all bedifferent according to the specific culture and situation of the society they present. Social development is aprerequisite for establishing eco-museums in living societies. The benefit of the inhabitants must beenhanced in ways that do not compromise traditional, cultural and natural values.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله
نویسندگان مقاله مهناز اشرفی |
دکترای معماری، معاون پژوهشکده حفاظت آثار و اشیای تاریخی فرهنگی، سازمان میراث فرهنگی
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: سازمان میراث فرهنگی

نشانی اینترنتی http://aup.journal.art.ac.ir/article_192_36.html
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