| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Reexamination of the Conditions and Proofs for Impossibility of Infinite Chain Asgar Dirbaz[1] Mahmud Seidi[2] Infinite chain means endless sequence or dependence of one thing on another thing. Numerous proofs have been offered for the impossibility of endless chain, the most important of which are four proofs of Side and Amid, the Firmest and Most Concise, Applied and Existence, Copulative existence and Independent. Mirdamad believes that proofs for infinite chain go only through ascending hierarchy and that succession and co-existence are conditions for impossible endless chain. Allamah Mohammad Hussein Tabatabaii, however, believes that proofs for endless chain go through both ascending and descending hierarchies and that three conditions of actuality, sequence, and co-existence are conditions for impossible infinite chain. The present paper proves that proofs for the impossibility of infinite chain go only through ascending hierarchy and have nothing to say about descending hierarchy. Impossible infinite chain has two conditions of sequence and co-existence and infinite chain is impossible only in complete causes. Key words: infinite chain, ascension, descent, Mirdamad, Tabatabaii. A Review of Features and Methods of Wilfred Madelung's Research in Shi'a Studies Ahmad Beheshtimehr[3] Mahmud Taghizadeh Davari[4] Wilfred Madelung is one of the most prominent and influential specialists in the field of Shi'a studies in contemporary world. Contrary to the most works of western specialists in the field of Islam and Shi'ism, his works are greatly successful in knowing and defining different aspects of Islam, such that they are welcomed and accepted even in Islamic and Shi'a societies. It seems that a considerable portion of this success is due to his attention to methodological points. His works related to Shi'a studies have particular merits or research features in comparison to the works of other western specialists in Shi'a studies, the most important of which are as follows: taking into consideration authentic and valid Islamic and Shi'ite sources, thematic and methodological differentiation of sources, taking into consideration the atmosphere and history of events and teachings, understanding the teachings along the line of a thinking system, a relatively complete mastery over different dimensions of Islam, exact knowledge of scientists and their valid works and mastery over Arabic language with which Madelung could attract the attention and even admiration of Muslims and Shi'as to his works. The observance of aforementioned points by Madelung has made scholars to differentiate him from ignorant and biased Orientalists and include him among just researchers. The present paper examines the methods and sources as well as research methods used by Madelung to introduce Shi'ism to western societies and tries to show the distinctiveness and superiority of his works by comparing them with the works of some other western specialists in Shi'a studies. Keywords: Orientalism, Shi'a Studies, methodology, Wilfred Madelung, orientalists. Dilthey and the Fundamental Function of Hermeneutic Issues in the Human Sciences Mohammad Hussein Mokhtari[5] Dilthey is one of the philosophers who have taken into consideration historical signs and embedded them into the hermeneutics. Dilthey's hermeneutics suggests an intellectual trend among nineteenth-century theorists who were trained in Romanticism. Dilthey's program for analyzing human life and his conceptualization of the historical aspect provided an important motivation for Heidegger to establish his own ontological hermeneutics in human and time. Dilthey tried to ensure the highest possible degree for the methodology of human sciences. He believed that the human sciences should not adopt its methods from natural sciences. Dilthey's approach has a strong relationship with Kant and Hegel's thoughts, and brings them together. Dilthey's important concern was the attack of positivists of the time. Positivists believed that if we want to give reality or specification to sciences, we need to use empirical methodology which is realistic and in one sense value-setting. It was in such circumstances that Dilthey tried to develop a criterion for objectifying or specifying human sciences. The present paper attempts to show the effective role of the hermeneutic issues in highlighting human sciences and defending its objectivity against the empirical sciences. Keywords: hermeneutics, human sciences, natural sciences, manifestation of life, live experience, historiography. An Evaluation of Mystics' Explanation on the Necessity of Divine Vicegerency, Based on the hadiths narrated by Holy Prophet's household (peace be upon them) Reza Nouroozi[6] One of the important issues discussed in religious texts under the rubric of man's divine vicegerency is the necessity of being a vicegerent in the world. Following religious texts, mystical ontology has dealt with the necessity of a vicegerent, i.e. the perfect man. In addition to Islamic mysticism, the issue has been differently discussed in different Islamic sciences such as theology (Kalam) and philosophy, each of which addresses the issue from its specific intellectual angle and with regard to its specific foundations. Having reviewed the hadiths narrated by Holy Prophet's household (peace be upon them), the present paper elaborates on the necessity of vicegerency from the view of Islamic mysticism and clarifies the degree of conformity of mystics' explanation with infallible Imams' school. Key words: God's vicegerent, necessity of divine vicegerency, perfect man, Holy Prophet's household (peace be upon them), Islamic mysticism. Some Questions about the Lecture "A Question Concerning Technology" Ali Asghar Morovvat[7] In Heidegger's view, the essence of new technology is a kind of unveiling which calls man to violate the nature and asks him to organize it as a source of energy saving. In this kind of unveiling, existence is completely forgotten and modern man is threatened by homelessness and nihilism. In Heidegger's view, contemporary man can free himself from technology and find a delivering power in it by reflecting on its essence. Art and poetry as its best instance can deliver man form nihilism. Heidegger's lecture in 1954 entitled "A Question Concerning Technology" depicts how he has developed aforementioned approaches. The present paper explores those obstacles faced by Heidegger's audience to grasp his intellectual results about the essence of technology. Then it asks all specialists of Heidegger's works, who may read this paper, to provide a better ground for his thought by removing these obstacles and providing reasonable answers to these questions, if possible; otherwise, they should accept that Heidegger's method in his contemplation on technology is useless and admit that we cannot achieve independent results through following the way depicted by Heidegger. Keywords: existence, unveiling, nihilism, Technology, gestell, art. A Review and Critique of Proofs for Divine Justice in Allamah Tabatabaii's View Muhsen Fattahi Ardakani[8] In Allamah Mohammad Hussein Tabatabaii's view, the essence of justice is equality and balance among things, such that everything is placed in its deserved position. He believes that justice is coextensive and concomitant of goodness. On the other hand, in his Al-Mizan Commentary, he bases divine acts on rational goodness and badness. In his view, therefore, divine command and forbiddance are based on justice as well. In philosophical and theological books, he resorts to several transmitted and intellectual proofs to prove divine justice. The present paper attempts to review some of these proofs which Tabatabaii believes can be used to prove divine justice. Some of these proofs are the proof of Necessary Existence by itself, God's being by essence, proof of the Righteous, and proof of Providence. Key words: justice, divine justice, necessary existence, proofs for proving the existence of God, Tabatabaii. The Meaning and Concept of Avicenna's Oriental Theosophy Sadat Baran[9] Qasemali Kvchnany[10] In his different works, Avicenna has referred to his book entitled "al-Hikmah al-Mashreqi (Oriental Theosophy)" which is also cited by some Muslim thinkers. In this book, he clearly explains his particular views. Based on his method of writing in which he summarizes some of his works in his other works, this book is the summary of the book "Shefa' (The Book of Healing)". There have been different views about the meaning and concept of "Oriental" in Avicenna's thoughts, but the author of this paper believes that the term "Oriental" means "Islamic". On the nature of oriental theosophy, it should be said that Avicenna is neither a Peripatetic philosopher in its Aristotelian meaning nor a Royal (Khosrovani=Iranian) philosopher, as it is believed by Henry Corbin and his followers. Therefore, by oriental theosophy Avicenna means Islamic theosophy. Key words: oriental theosophy, Avicenna, Royal theosophy, Peripatetic theosophy. [1]. Associate professor of Qom University [2]. Assistant professor of Shahid University [3]. Assistant professor of Qom University [4]. Associate professor of Qom University [5]. Faculty member of Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute [6]. Assistant professor of Qom University [7]. Assistant professor of philosophy department, Hamadan Payam-e-Noor University [8]. student of level four in seminary and PhD student of Shi'a studies (Shi'a theology-Kalam), University of religions and denominations [9]. Faculty member of Batman University, Turkey [10]. Associate Professor, Faculty of Theology, Tehran University |