این سایت در حال حاضر پشتیبانی نمی شود و امکان دارد داده های نشریات بروز نباشند
پژوهش های معماری اسلامی، جلد ۲، شماره ۳، صفحات ۵۸-۷۶
عنوان فارسی اصول طراحی خانه از منظر اسلامی و الگوهای کاربردی معاصر
چکیده فارسی مقاله طرح خانه مسلمان می‌بایست به صورتی باشد که امکان انجام الگوهای رفتاری شریعت را در هماهنگی با ارزش‌ها و عقاید اسلامی ساکنین فراهم سازد. دین جامع اسلام می‌تواند مجموعه‌ای از اصول اساسی را به عنوان راهنما و چهارچوب برای طراحی و معماری مسکن در اختیار ما قرار دهد. با توجه به سیاست‌های کلان کشور پیرامون احیای معماری و شهرسازی اسلامی-ایرانی، توجه به اصول معماری خانه در اسلام و بررسی میزان تحقق این اصول در گذشته و عصر حاضر از یک سو و میزان سازگاری آموزه‌ها و مصادیق معماری جهان معاصر با این اصول از سوی دیگر ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. هدف از پژوهش پیش رو، ارائه اصول اولیه و راهکارهای پیشنهادی طراحی به منظور ارتقاء شرایط اسکان با استفاده از منابع دین و درجه اول قرآن کریم و احادیث معتبر و همچنین ارزیابی پاره‌ای از نظریات و بناهای مسکونی معاصر بر مبنای این اصول می‌باشد. در این راستا با توجه به میان‌رشته‌ای بودن پژوهش، ابتدا با روش استدلالی برخی از مهمترین اصول طراحی خانه در دو دسته سلبی و ایجابی از منابع شریعت استخراج شده و سپس اصول و مصداق‌های مشابه در برخی نقاط دیگر جهان با روش تطبیقی-تاریخی ارزیابی شده و در ادامه به ذکر نمونه‌های موردی رعایت یا عدم رعایت این اصول در خانه‌های گذشته و امروز پرداخته شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد اصول معماری اسلامی از قبیل محرمیت و محصوریت، عدم اشراف، مهمان‌پذیری، تعادل در متراژ خانه و تزئینات که به طور عمده در بافت‌ها و خانه‌های سنتی ایران رعایت می‌شد؛ امروزه نیز در طراحی بسیاری از خانه‌های معاصر مورد تأیید و تأکید نظریه‌پردازان و معماران مطرح جهانی بوده و در برخی موارد نیز عدم تطابق آموزه‌ها و مصداق‌های معاصر با اصول اسلامی قابل مشاهده است. از آنجا که الگوبرداری از این مصداق‌ها می‌تواند موجب ناهنجاری‌ها و آسیب‌های فرهنگی در جوامع اسلامی شود؛ فرد مسلمان می‌بایست با بهره‌گیری از اصول اسلامی و تجسم کالبدی آن، انعکاسی از دین را در طراحی مسکن مطلوب خود فراهم کند.
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله مسکن1، اسلام2، معماری اسلامی3، شهرسازی اسلامی4
عنوان انگلیسی Housing Design Principles of Islam and Other Contemporary Usable Patterns
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Designing a muslim man’s house should be the outcome of Islamic values and beliefs of its inhabitants. Islam is a comprehensive religion that can provide a set of basic principles as a guide and framework for housing design. According to the country's macro policies on the revival of Islamic Iranian architecture, it seems necessary to pay attention to the housing design principles of Islam and realization of these principles in past and present time. Since Islam is not limited to a specific age and place and can meet the needs of human being in different periods, the compatibility of universal teachings with Islamic principles must be considered. According to the verses and narratives mentioned in the Islamic sources, housing and residential spaces should have two main types of characteristics. The first type is negative characteristics that need to be removed and second type is positive characteristics that are visible to recommended. Consideration of these principles can determine the design of a Muslim’s house. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the research, some of the most important principles of housing design were extracted from the religion references at first. Then the similar principles in other cultures of the world (such as theories of Alexander (1977), Scruton (1995), Pallasmaa (2006) and Marcus (2001)) were evaluated by using comparative-historical method. Finally observance or non-observance of these principles in the past and today houses is discussed in order to achieve alive and dynamic principles of house design in contemporary world. The purpose of the research is to present the basic principles and design suggestions in order to improve housing conditions by using the resources of religion (primarily the Holy Quran and the authentic narrations) and evaluate contemporary theories and residential buildings based on these principles. In the field of housing, Islam suggests residents’ privacy, limitation, hospitality, avoiding luxury, balance of home size, height and decorations. These principles were respected in most of iranian traditional homes and in few cases inconsistencies are observed. For example the principle of “balancing the height of interior spaces of the house” is not respected in some traditional houses such as “Zinat al-Molk house” or “Narenjestan-e Qavam”. Unfortunately, a lot of these principles are not respected in designing common types of modern apartment houses. For example, small size of the house and not separation of public and private space will cause family problems and destroy moral values of the family. On the other hand, in some residential complexes, some factors such as building height, and using extra decorations, as well as the use of luxury materials of façade induce show-off which is against Islamic rules. Many of the Islamic teachings have been emphasized in other cultures of the world and also the views of theorists however some cases can be seen different. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful in emulating the universal examples. The importance of this research is finding appropriate and inappropriate global patterns and theories based on Islamic principles So that a muslim could take advantage of the principles of Islam and its physical reflection in housing design. - In the principle of visual prohibition that most traditional houses regarded, the teachings of Alexander in the patterns 115, 140 and 164 differ with Islamic teachings. He recommends enclosed courtyards and terraces overlooking the street. - The principle of avoiding physical individuality of house that Pallasmaa and Scruton also have emphasized in the field of housing, is contravened by some architects like Eisenman and Gehry. These architects usually use unconventional forms and facades. - About balancing the height of interior spaces of the house, theorists haven’t particular opinion. However architects such as Le Corbusier pay attention to this in some of his designs. - In the field of home decoration, Islam recommends rules in two aspects: Recommend adornment and renounce luxury. Alexander (in the pattern 249) and Venturi confirmed these teachings. But some modern architects such as Adolf Loos and Le Corbusier offer contradictory ones and prohibit any decoration in designing. Balance in decoration is obvious in the designs of some architects such as Wright and Ando, however it is ignored in some houses such as Gaudi’s design which is full of additional elements. - The principle of privacy is confirmed by most of the world cultures and theorists such as Alexander (in the pattern 127, 130, 79, 136) although in some few cases such as Johnson Glass House ignored. - The principles of hospitality and size balance which are always emphasized by Islamic and Iranian traditions, are neglected in other cultures and universal teachings and also contemporary apartment houses. Results show that the principles of Islamic architecture such as privacy and limitation, hospitality, balance of home area and its decoration is mainly observed in traditional Iranian houses. Although many of these principles are approved by global theorists and architects in designing homes, in some contemporary cases, failure to comply with Islamic teachings is visible. So it is necessary for us to be cautious about simulation these samples.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Housing, Islam, Islamic Architecture, Islamic Urbanity.
نویسندگان مقاله مهدی حمزه نژاد |


زهرا صدریان |


نشانی اینترنتی http://jria.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-25-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=fa
فایل مقاله اشکال در دسترسی به فایل - ./files/site1/rds_journals/1429/article-1429-246307.pdf
کد مقاله (doi)
زبان مقاله منتشر شده fa
موضوعات مقاله منتشر شده مطالعات موضوعی در معماری و شهرسازی اسلامی (مانند ایده های فضائی- هندسی، نمادها، آرایه ها، احجام و غیره)
نوع مقاله منتشر شده پژوهشی
برگشت به: صفحه اول پایگاه   |   نسخه مرتبط   |   نشریه مرتبط   |   فهرست نشریات