| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Background: Orofacial cleft is among the most common developmental malformations in humans. This study aimed to identify the relationship between environmental factors and nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in Northwest China.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Gansu Province, China over two years (Jan. 1, 2017–Jan. 1, 2019). Overall, 600 NSCL/P cases and 660 normal control cases were finally enrolled in the current study. Data were collected by conducting face-to-face interviews with both parents of each case.
Results: Univariate (χ2) analysis revealed 22 factors as being significantly associated with NSCL/P. Multivariate (stepwise logistic regression) analysis identified that 14 factors had statistically significant association with NSCL/P. Male gender (OR=0.789), paternal age at childbirth of 25-29 yr (OR=0.690), and folic acid supplement (OR=0.197) were found to be protective factors against NSCL/P. On the other hand, blood A-type, multiple births, positive family history of NSCLP (OR=6.660), parental consanguinity (OR=6.107), positive abortion history, high or low maternal childbearing age, and maternal passive smoking (OR=4.349), malnutrition (OR=4.431), infections, and drug use (OR=2.188) during early gestation were significant risk factors for NSCL/P.
Conclusion: Parental age at childbirth of 25–29 yr, and folic acid supplement can reduce the risk of NSCL/P. By contrast, maternal passive smoking, infections, and drug use during early gestation period, and multiple births, parental consanguinity, positive family history, and maternal abortion history can increase the risk of NSCL/P. Identification of risk factors is essential in minimizing the incidence of NSCL/P in a particular population. |
| نویسندگان مقاله |
| Karim Sakran
1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China 2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| Bassam Abotaleb
1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| Remsh Al-Rokhami
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| Tsung-yen Hsieh
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medi-cal Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| Mohammed Al-Wesabi
Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen
| Abdo Mohammed
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| Hesham Al-Sharani
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| Dengqi He
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| Ping Shi
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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