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Iranian Rehabilitation Journal، جلد ۲۰، شماره ۳، صفحات ۰-۰
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عنوان انگلیسی Androgenic Anabolic Steroids Use in Pakistan from the Perspective of Bodybuilders
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Objectives: To determine the prevalence of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) use among bodybuilders in different cities of Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 380 bodybuilders utilizing convenience sampling from different cities of Pakistan, including Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Quetta, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019. The sample included male bodybuilders aged 18 to 50 years.  The basic demographic sheet and a self-designed form were used to collect data. SPSS software version 21 was utilized for statistical analysis. The Chi-square test was used to observe any relationship with P < 0.05 as significant.   Results: The current study showed a prevalence of 109 (28.68%) AAS use in bodybuilders with testosterone being most commonly used. A total of 54 people (49.5%) used self-administration, 38 people (34.9%) used it for the short-term while 27 people (24.8%) used it in long-term. Bodybuilders were mostly inspired by peers 73 (67%) and encouraged by coaches 62 (56.9%) to use AAS. Regarding knowledge of AAS, its usage, benefits, and side effects, the majority (89%) had little or no knowledge. Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of AAS is quite prevalent among bodybuilders in Pakistan with 28.68% of AAS mainly using testosterone preparation, and bodybuilders of age 20 to 40 mainly consuming AAS.  Peers were the main inspiration for most (67%) and encouraged by their coaches to use AAS (56.9%).
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Androgenic anabolic steroids, Bodybuilding, Fitness, Performance, Strength, Testosterone
نویسندگان مقاله | Syed Muhammad
Department of Health Physical Education &Sports Sciences, International Fitness, IFPA-USA.


| Aqeel Ahmed Khan
Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.


| Muhammad Kamran
Chal Foundation Bacha Khan Medical Complex KPK, Pakistan.


| Ejaz Asghar
Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Isra University Islamabad Pakistan.


| Ghulam Saqulain
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Capital Hospital PGMI, Islamabad, Pakistan.


| Muhammad Imran Khan
Higher Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.


| Shoukat Hayat
Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Isra University Islamabad, Pakistan.
نشانی اینترنتی http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1335-6&slc_lang=en&sid=1
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