| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Abstract Tazkerat al-Awliya is one of the most important Persian mystical sources in describing the states and sayings of the great Sufis, which Attar Neyshabouri wrote using the sources written before him such as Tabaqat al-Sufiyya, Haliya al-Awliya, Resaleye Qosheiriyyeh, and Kashf al-Mahjoub. The most authoritative correction of this book was made by Reynold Allen Nicholson between 1322 AH/ 1905 to 1325 AH/ 1907. After that, in 2019, Shafiei Kadkani made another correction of Tazkerat al-Awliya which untied the conceptual knot of many of its words, combinations, and expressions. It also provided an opportunity for further research on this book. Nevertheless, there are errors in the corrected text. In this research, the descriptive-analytical method was used to highlight the shortcomings and irregularities in the correction of Tazkerat al-Awliya which can be divided into 7 general formats: 1) shortcomings in the original version, 2) deviations from the original versions, 3) distortions, 4) incorrect reporting, 5) misreading, 6) incorrect comments, and 7) other shortcomings. Library resources such as the original manuscripts and other manuscripts have also been used. The results of the research showed that the quality of correction in the first part of Tazkerat al-Awliya is not comparable to the second part due to the visible duality. The main reason for the duality of the book is the difference in its manuscripts, which is sometimes accompanied by the corrector’s errors. Introduction In 2019, Sokhan Publication published Shafi'i Kadkani’s correction of Tazkira al-Awliya in two volumes, which included three general sections including a) introduction, b) compared text, and c) annotations, descriptions and profiles. The main introduction of the book is 157 pages, which begins with some information about Attar and Neishabour, Attar’s biography and his books. It then introduces Tazkerat al-Awliya and provides comprehensive explanations about it. Thus, this section can be considered as one of the main parts in understanding Tazkira al-Awliya. The main text of the book is arranged in two parts. The first part is the text of the Tazkira corrector in 647 pages, mentioning 72 mystics. It starts with Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (AS) name and ends with Mansur Hallaj. The second part of the correction, from page 652 to 930, mentions 25 others from Ibrahim Khavvas to Imam Muhammad Baqir (AS). The second volume consist of five separate sections: 1) Other Manuscripts 1134-939, 2) Annotations 1506-1135, 3) Dictionary 1724-1507, 4) Dictionary of Other Manuscripts 1740 – 1725, and 5) List of References 1780 – 1741. In general, the correction is structurally desirable, and ignoring some shortcomings, it can be considered a suitable model for text correction. Materials and Methods By using library resources and descriptive-analytical methods in this study, the correction of Tazkerat al-Awliya has been studied and criticized. Also, the author adapted some of the items to the manuscripts of Tazkira al-Awlia. The necessity of this research is studying ancient mystical books and reviewing and criticizing the published works regarding this subject. The great contribution of Attar in mysticism and literature, the significance of Tazkerat al-Awliya as one of the first works written in the field of mysticism in Persian, and the correction of this book by one of the greatest scholars of contemporary Persian literature could be considered as some features of the importance of this research. Discussion of Results and Conclusions The issues addressed in this study include the following: 1. Trusting the basic manuscript and neglecting its shortcomings 1.1. The omissions in the basic manuscript 1.2. The existence of duplicate expressions in the basic manuscript 2. Ignoring the written form of the basic manuscript 2-1. Incorrect reporting of other manuscripts 2-2. Suggesting using another version instead of the written form of the original manuscript 2-3. Adding redundant words from other manuscripts 3. Miswriting 3-1. Miswriting resulting from the misreading of the basic manuscript 3-2. Miswriting resulting from the writing of the basic manuscript 3-3. Miswriting resulting from the writing of the basic manuscript and its misreading 4. Incorrect reporting 5. Misreading The most important reasons for finding shortcomings in this correction can be listed as follows: 1. The main reason is that it has been written at two different time intervals creatingproblems in the writing of its manuscripts to the extent that it is not possible to correct two parts of the book based on a single version of the manuscript. 2. None of the existing manuscripts of Tazkerat al-Awliya have the criteria of a basic manuscript, and the corrector had to use basic manuscripts in the correction by emphasizing the manuscript. 3. The manuscript, which has relative bases, has some omissions and repetitions that have made their way into the text. At the same time, as basic manuscripts have validity, sometimes deviating from them and referring to other versions created problems in the correction. 4- Miswritings that have entered the text are sometimes the result of the scribe’s miswriting and the corrector’s misreads. Sometimes both the scribe and the corrector are involved in these miswritings. 5. Incorrect reporting, misreading, and inappropriate annotations are also seen in the correction. |