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پژوهش های رشد و توسعه پایدار، جلد ۲۳، شماره ۳، صفحات ۵۳-۸۰
عنوان فارسی اقتصاد سیاسی تغییرات لایحۀ بودجه (اعتبارات تملک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای) در مجلس شورای اسلامی
چکیده فارسی مقاله هدف این مطالعه شناخت الگو و تحلیل تغییرات کمی لوایح بودجه اعتبارات تملک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای در مجلس شورای اسلامی با تاکید بر نظریۀ بشکه گوشت خوک است. در این مطالعه تغییرات ارقام جداول بودجه در سطوح کلان و ردیف‌های بودجه تملک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای در دورۀ‌های (1400- 1376) و (1388-1400) احصا و مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. در طول دورۀ بررسی اعتبارات تملک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای، 4261 ردیف بودجه پایدار و متفرقه در مجلس تغییر کرده است. شاخص‌های احصا شده نشان می‌دهد مجلس در تغییرات بودجه تملک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای جایگاه قابل توجهی دارد و به طور متوسط حداقل یک سوم اعتبارات تملک در لایحه را تغییر می‌دهد. حدود 88 درصد تغییرات مجلس در ردیف‌های بودجه‌ای تملک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای در جهت افزایش اعتبار ردیف‌های پایدار موجود و ایجاد ردیف‌های جدید عمرانی بوده است. موضوع راه‌ها و جاده‌ها، تامین و توزیع آب اصلی‌ترین محورهای اولویت‌دار نمایندگان برای فشار و درخواست به تغییر و افزایش اعتبارات تملک دارایی در مجلس بوده است. به طور متوسط هر ساله حدود 47 ردیف جدید اعتبارات تملک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای در مجلس ایجاد شده است. تحلیل استنباطی و آزمون فرضیه‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد رویکرد بشکه گوشت خوک در تغییرات اعتبارات لایحۀ بودجه در مجلس در دورۀ مورد بررسی تایید می‌شود. نتایج نشان می‌دهد بالاترین حجم تغییرات اعتبارات تملک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای در قانون نسبت به لایحۀ بودجه در سال های تغییر سیاسی دولت و مجلس مصادف با اولین سال آغاز مجلس‌ها که آخرین سال دولت‌ها نیز می باشد، اتفاق می افتد. از سوی دیگر اندازه تغییرات رشد مصارف بودجه تملک دارایی در مجلس از همسویی سیاسی بین مجلس و دولت نیز تبعیت نمی‌کند.  
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله بودجه، بودجه‌ریزی، بودجه تملک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای ، بشکه گوشت خوک
عنوان انگلیسی The Political Economy of Changes in the Budget Bill (Capital Budget) in the Islamic Parliament of Iran
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Introduction: To what extent, in what situations or in what areas and even at what times are the changes of the parliament in public spending? These are the questions that an important part of the answer to them is analyzed in the analysis of the political economy of the budget in the parliament. The political economy of the budget observes the function of goals different from the issue of efficiency and effectiveness in the budgeting process, which imposes itself on the goals of budgeting. When the budget is sent to the parliament by the government, it is exposed to the demands of the representatives of different geographical areas. In the analysis of the public sector, there has been a literature called pork barrel, which has observed the role of political and legislative institutions in changing the public budget in line with regional and party political goals. Pork barrel was originally meant to store meat. Methodology: This study tries to use the theoretical approach of pork barrel and field studies to investigate and analyze the process of changes in the structure of public credits of government investments, which in Iran is known as the capital assets acquisition budget, in the government bill in the parliament. This study requires knowing the status of budget changes in the parliament. On the other hand, the evaluation of the considerations of the pork barrel literature regarding the budget of public credits, the acquisition of capital assets, also takes into account the changes in the budget presented to the parliament compared to the budget approved by the parliament. The present study is applied in terms of type and descriptive studies in terms of method. In this study, the qualitative changes of the parliament in the rulings of the single article and the budget notes have not been addressed, and only the quantitative (Rials) changes in the appropriations tables for the acquisition of capital assets in the budget have been considered. The data of this study have been calculated and extracted for the first time.  The review period of macro and total budget figures covers a 25-year period from 1997-2022, and micro-indexes and budget lines include a 13-year period from 2009-2022. Results and Discussion: The findings of this study show: The share of the parliament in the change in credits for the acquisition of capital assets was 36% during the review period. The calculated index shows that the parliament in Iran significantly changes the budget bill and about one third of the budget changes are made in the parliament. The issue of how much the parliament is allowed to change in the bill presented by the government is one of the most challenging issues in the political system in Iran. The Parliament's approach to changes in appropriations for the acquisition of capital assets in the budget bill has often been to increase appropriations. About 88% of the Parliament's changes in the budget lines of capital asset acquisition have been in order to increase the validity of the existing stable lines and create new construction lines. The issue of roads, water supply and distribution has been the main priority axes of the representatives to press and request to change and increase property acquisition credits in the parliament. Parliament's changes in the bill have increased significantly in the second half of the study period. This issue is related to the change in the composition of the consolidation commission and the government's relationship with the parliament. The exclusive role of the Consolidation Commission and its effective members provides a wide possibility to apply rent-seeking behaviors in the bill. The inferential analysis of the research results shows that the pork barrel approach is confirmed in the budget bill changes in the parliament during the review period. By definition, in the pork barrel approach, credit is used from national sources with a regional approach. In terms of the time structure of political changes in the parliament and the government, the first year of each new parliament period coincides with the last year of the incumbent government or the fourth year of the government. The results indicate that the highest volume of changes in the appropriations for the acquisition of capital assets in the law compared to the bill occurs in the years of political change of the government and parliament (the first year of the beginning of the parliament), which is the last year of the government. The findings of the study show that the size of the changes in the growth of the asset acquisition budget is not affected by the political alignment between the parliament and the government, which can be due to the dependence of the budget on oil and the non-partisan system of the parliament. Conclusion: The summary of the results shows that the parliament in Iran has a very strong and direct role in the changes of the budget bill, although these changes are not due to the dominance of the pork barrel approach in line with the public and macro interests in the country's economy. Since one of the most important debates regarding the amendment of the budget bill is related to the amendment and organization of the budget bill formulation and approval process, it is necessary to make meaningful amendments in the bill review model in the parliament. Of course, representatives usually do not pass laws that limit their powers. In this case, there is a need for national and interagency consensus in correcting the budget review path in line with the interests and macro goals and the trans-local and regional approach.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Budget Bill, Capital Budget, Islamic Parliament of Iran, Pork Barrel
نویسندگان مقاله مصطفی دین محمدی | mostafa din mohammadi
Assistant Professor of Economics,Faculty of Social Sciences, University ofZanjan, Zanjan, Iran
عضو هیات علمی گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه زنجان

زینب فرهادی | zynab Farhadi
Master of Economics, University of Zanjan,Zanjan, Iran
کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

نشانی اینترنتی http://ecor.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-55394-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=18
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