| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective:
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an aromatic, annual herbaceous plant from the Apiaceae family.Cumin is one of the tolerant medicinal plants to water deficit conditions with a short growth period, which can produce acceptable and economic yield under water deficit conditions. Also, cumin is currently the second most used spice in the world after pepper (Pepper nigrum), so it is very important. In this experiment, the aim was to evaluate ecotypes, planting dates, relationships between ecotypes and planting dates, and finally to identify cumin stable ecotypes with high yield with using AMMI and GGE bi-plot methods.
Material and Methods:
In order to investigate the stability of the grain yield of seven cumin ecotypes (Bardascan, Birjand, Taibad, Davarzan, Ferdos, Salehabad, Nehbandan), an experiment was carried out based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in four planting dates (November 6, December 6, January 5 and February 5) at the research farm of the Southern Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during 2020-2021 season year. The seeds were planted by hand on the rows at a depth of one centimeter with a distance of 5 cm from each other. The distance between the rows was 20 cm. irrigation as a drip method and weeds control with hand were carried out. The plants were harvested after physiological maturity and the grains were separated from other organs and recorded as the grain yield of each plot.In order to analyze the yield stability of the ecotypes, the AMMI model and the first and second interaction components of AMMI (IPCA1, IPCA2) were used as stability parameters for the ecotypes and the planting dates (environments).GGE bi-plot method was used to analyze the obtained data, interpret the ecotype and planting date interaction and determine mega-environments.
Results:
The results of compound variance analysis showed that the effect of environment (planting date), ecotype and the interaction of planting date×ecotype is significant. Due to the significance of the environmental effect and the justification of 80% of the variation by this effect, as well as the significance of the planting date×ecotype, stability analysis of grain yield for ecotypes in different planting dates was conducted. The results of AMMI analysis showed that the two components IPCA1 (AMMI 1) and IPCA2 (AMMI 2) include 93.56% of the total variance of genotype × environment interaction. AMMI stability value (ASV) was used for simultaneous use of all components. ASV statistic showed that Nehbandan ecotype with the lowest value (1.91) was the most stable ecotype, and Ferdos and Salehabad ecotypes with the highest ASV value were the most unstable ecotypes. Also, the results of the GGE biplot method showed that the first and second principal components accounted 93% of the total variation related to the interaction between ecotype and planting date, which indicated the validity of GGE-biplot analysis.Based on GGE biplot results planting dates of November 6 and December 6 were in the same megaenvironment and had the highest grain yield, and the two planting dates of January 5 and February 5 were also in the same megaenvironment and had the lowest grain yield. The graphs showed that the Ferdos ecotype has a high private adaptibility with the planting dates of November 6 and December 6, and the Birjand and Davarzen ecotypes have a high private adaptibility with the planting dates of January 5 and February 5. The ecotypes of Taibad, Salehabad and Nehbandan had no special compatibility with the studied planting dates. In this study, Ferdos and Birjand ecotypes had a higher average grain yield compared to other ecotypes, but due to their distance from the AEC line, they were placed in the group of ecotypes with low stability. In this study, the Nehbandan ecotype was the most stable ecotype due to its adjacencyto the AEC line, but it had a low grain yield. In addition, the results of GGE by plot showed that Birjand ecotype was the closest ecotype to the ideal genotype and it is considered the most desirable ecotype. Bardascan, Ferdos and Daverzan ecotypes are the ecotypes that are in the next ranks in terms of desirability, and Salehabad and Taibad ecotypes were identified as undesirable ecotypes due to having the greatest distance from the ideal genotype.
Conclusions:
The results of compound variance analysis showed that the effect of environment (planting date), ecotype and the interaction effect of planting date×ecotype is significant. The biplot results of AMMI analysis showed that Nehbandan ecotype is the most stable and Ferdos and Salehabad ecotypes are the most unstable ecotypes. This was also confirmed through AMMI Stability Value (ASV). Also, the results of GGE biplot showed that the planting dates of November 6, December 6 with the highest average grain yield are located in a mega-environment, and the two planting dates of January 5 and February 5, which had the lowest average grain yield, were also located in the same mega-environment. This can indicate the determination of the time range of the planting date to obtain an acceptable yield, although there is a decrease in yield with a delay in planting. Finally, the figure showed that Nehbandan ecotype was the most stable ecotype with below average yield and Birjand ecotype was the most ideal ecotype. Therefore, it can be concluded that if the Birjand ecotype is cultivated, it not only has a high yield, but also has a high relative stability.
|
| نویسندگان مقاله |
سید محمد علوی سینی | Seid Mohammad Alavi-Siney
Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Southern Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران
رضا یونس زاده | Reza Yoneszadeh
Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران
علی عباسی | Ali Abasi
Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران
احمد آئین | Ahmad Aien
موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
حمیدرضا فنائی | Hamidreza Fanaei
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
|