| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: So far, changes in the vaginal microbial population during the estrous cycle have been evaluated in several livestock species such as sheep. However, changes in the rumen microbial population during the estrous period in sheep have not been investigated. In a study, the results showed that the differences in the rumen microbial population in two reproductive seasons were due to the differences caused by the reaction to day length, and nutrition did not have much effect on it. It is possible that during the reproductive and non-reproductive seasons, the animal has a different microbial population in the digestive tract, and since the available evidence from clinical research in animals shows, microbes in the digestive system can alter brain activity and behavior through hormonal and neural pathways. Therefore, in this study, the main goal is to investigate the changes in the rumen microbial population during the reproductive season in the estrous period in ewes that have estrus and ewes that do not show it for any reason or are so-called anestrus. The changes of the rumen microbial population during the breeding season in the estrous period were measured for the animals that had the occurrence of estrus and the animals that did not show this trait or were anestrous.
Material and Methods: This research was done at the same time as the non-breeding season (late spring-beginning of July); The ewes were of Grey Shirazi breed (2-3 years old).Changes in rumen fluid microbial population in estrus cycle in estrus and non-estrus animals. In order to investigate this issue, two groups of 10 animals were formed assigned from estrus and anestrus animals with use of teasers rams, and once per four days (5 time) during 17 days (like estrus cycle days) rumen fluid samples were collected for microbial culture and other investigations in both groups. In order to cultivate and separate the colonies, general culture medium with different growth for anaerobic bacteria colonies such as Plate count agar, MRS agar (de Man-Rogosa - Sharpe) and starch agar was used. Subtraction of colonies was also done by subtractive cultures or different diagnostic tests to identify colonies. Data analysis was done using SAS software version 1/9. Means were compared with the least square procedure and adjusted for Tukey's test.
Results: According to the results of the present study, the population difference between the two groups at 5 different times showed that the population of lactic acid producing bacteria on the day of estrus showed a higher value and a significant difference with other times compared to the anestrus group. Lipolytic bacteria were higher on the day of estrus compared to all days in both groups and there was a significant difference. The comparison of different groups showed that the estrous group from times 1 to 5 in the breeding season has the highest number compared to other groups at different times of the study (p<0.05). Anestrous groups also had the lowest number at all times (p<0.05). Comparison of two groups of estrus and anestrus in two groups showed that heat and ninth days have higher values than other times. In comparing the average number of lipolytic colonies in the estrus group, the highest number was related to the first time and the lowest was related to the 4th time, which were significantly different from other times (p<0.05). The population of proteolytic bacteria had the highest number of bacteria at time 1 and showed the next values at times 2, 5, 3 and 4, respectively, compared to the estrus group at time 5 (p<0.05); Time 5 was not significantly different from times 2 and 3 (p<0.05). In this season, the estrus group was the highest at time 1 and the lowest at time 4 (p<0.05). Times 3 to 5 had no significant difference with each other (p < 0.05). In the anestrus group, times 3 and 1 had the highest number and time 2 and 5 had the lowest number (p < 0.05). The comparison of the average population resulting from the counting of colonies of total bacteria showed that, in the examination of different groups, the estrous group had the highest number of the average microbial population in all 5 times (p<0.05). The lowest number was related to two anestrus groups (p<0.05). The population difference between the two groups at 5 different times showed that only on the day of estrus, the population of lactic acid producing bacteria has a higher value and a significant difference compared to the anestrous group. The population of lipolytic bacteria in two groups of estrus and anestrus in the 5 studied times showed that the estrus group had a higher and significant value compared to the anestrus group in the 4th time i.e. the day of estrus and the 5th, 6th and 17th. The results showed that the amount of total bacterial population was higher in the estrus group at all times and this difference was significant. Also, the results showed that anaerobic bacteria had a significant increase in certain days of estrus (first to ninth day) compared to the anestrous group. The population difference between the two groups at 5 different times showed that only on the day of estrus, the population of lactic acid producing bacteria has a higher value and a significant difference compared to the anestrous group. The population of lipolytic bacteria in two groups of estrus and anestrus in the 5 studied times showed that the estrus group had a higher and significant value than the anestrus group in 4 times, i.e. days of estrus, 5, 6 and 17. The results showed that the amount of total bacterial population in the estrous group was higher and significant at all times.
Conclusion: In general, it was observed that the colony population of amylolytic, lipolytic bacteria and the total colonies of anaerobic bacteria have a significant difference in days of the estrus cycle and it may be affect reproduction. Based on this, it is better to provide more understandable results of rumen microbial effect on estrus in ewe by increasing analyzes such as hormonal changes and molecular investigations along with microbial culture in estrus crops.
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| نویسندگان مقاله |
زهرا بلوکی | Zahra Bolooki
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
محمدرضا جعفرزاده شیرازی | Mohammad Reaza Jafarzadeh Shirazi
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,
دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
مجتبی کافی | Mojtaba Kafi
Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
شهریار کارگر | Shahryar Kargar
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
علی داد بوستانی | Alidad Boostani
Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
مرکز تحقیقات و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، شیراز، ایران
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