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جغرافیا و پایداری محیط، جلد ۶، شماره ۱۸، صفحات ۹۷-۱۱۱
عنوان فارسی عوامل مؤثّر بر پایداری کشاورزی مزارع گندم در شهرستان کرمانشاه
چکیده فارسی مقاله در ایران، استفاده بی­رویه از آفت­کش­ها و کودهای شیمیایی منجر به آسیب شدید به منابع آب و خاک، کاهش حاصلخیزی و عملکرد زمین، آلودگی محیطی، صدمه دیدن چرخه زیست­محیطی طبیعت و مشکلات بهداشتی برای انسان، دام و طبیعت شده است. هرچند در این زمینه برنامه­ریزی و اقدامات مختلفی صورت گرفته، امّا برای پی­ریزی مطمئن­تر این مسئله، ارزیابی و شناخت علمی پایداری کشاورزی و انتخاب مناسب­ترین راه­های برای حرکت از وضع موجود به وضعیّت مطلوب ضروری است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، بررسی عوامل مؤثّر بر پایداری کشاورزی مزارع گندم در شهرستان کرمانشاه است. جامعه آماری پژوهش که به صورت پیمایشی انجام شد شامل مجموعه گندم­کاران آبی بود که در شهرستان کرمانشاه به کشاورزی اشتغال داشته و از این تعداد 300 نفر از طریق نمونه­گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه، مهم­ترین ابزار جمع­آوری اطّلاعات در پژوهش حاضر بود. در کنار پرسشنامه، از تکنیک مصاحبه نیز استفاده شد. روایی شاخص­ها و گویه­ها در پرسشنامه توسّط متخصّصان فن مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. برای بررسی پایایی ابزار پژوهش، ضریب آلفای کرونباخ آن محاسبه گردید که مقدار به دست آمده (82/0) نشان­دهنده پایایی قابل قبول پرسشنامه بود. در بخش تحلیل داده­ها روش­های مختلف آماری به­وی‍ژه رگرسیون چندگانه با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS به کار گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که مزارع بیشتر کشاورزان (6/74%) در وضعیّت ناپایدار قرار دارد. نتایج همچنین بیانگر آن است که بین میزان پایداری مزارع کشاورزان با متغیّر سن و سطح تحصیلات آنان رابطه وجود نداشته ولی با متغیّرهای میزان عملکرد و نوع مالکیّت رابطه مثبت و معنی­دار وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که وضعیّت بهبود پایداری مزارع کشاورزان در کرمانشاه بیش از هر عاملی به ترتیب از عوامل زراعی- فنّی، اقتصادی - اجتماعی و آموزشی - ترویجی تأثیر می‌پذیرد.
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله پایداری، کشاورزی پایدار، گندم کاران، کرمانشاه،
عنوان انگلیسی Factors Affecting the Agricultural Sustainability of Wheat Farms in Kermanshah County
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Abstract Inappropriate use of pesticides and fertilizers in Iran has led to severe damages on soil and water resources; reduce the fertility and performance of the lands, environmental contamination, and damage to the ecological cycle of nature and health problems for humans, animals and the environment. Despite some planning and measures taken in this regard, monitoring and evaluation of agricultural sustainability and selection of the most suitable ways to move from the current status to the desirable situation remains essential. The main purpose of this study is to review the factors affecting agricultural sustainability on wheat farms in Kermanshah County. Based on a surveying method, the research statistical population consist of irrigated wheat farmers who were working agriculture in Kermanshah County. 300 farmers were selected based on Kerjcie and Morgan table. Questionnaire was the main tool for data gathering. In addition to the questionnaire, interview technique also has been used. The validity of indices and questions in the questionnaire was verified by a group of experts. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire a Chronbach alpha test was used and the calculated amount (0.82) showed an acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. To analyze data, a number of different tests in particular multiple regression were used through SPSS software. The results showed that the majority of farmers' farms (74.6%) were in the unsustainable situation. The results showed no significant relationship between age and education level with the sustainability of farms, but there was a significant relationship between performance and land ownership variables with the sustainability of agricultural farms. The results also showed that the improvement situation of sustainability, for Kermanshah farmers are under effect of variables like agri-technical, social and economic, and extension education respectively more than other factors. Extended Abstract 1- Introduction Inappropriate use of pesticides and fertilizers in Iran has led to severe damages on soil and water resources; reducing the fertility and performance of the lands, environmental contamination, and damages to the ecological cycle of nature and health problems for humans, animals and the environment. For this reason economic, social and cultural development programs after the Iran's revolution, the necessity of addressing this issue according to the standards and principles of sustainable development was highlighted. Despite some planning and measures taken in this regard, monitoring and evaluation of agricultural sustainability, the main dimensions of it, the factors relevant to sustainability, and selection the most suitable ways to move from the current status to the desirable situation is essential. Kermanshah is one of the most suitable areas for the development of agricultural activities, especially wheat cultivation; but any planning for sustainable development of agriculture in this city, needs an awareness of sustainable agricultural indices. On the other hand, with regard to this issue that wheat production among various agricultural products is considered as a fundamental and strategic commodity and plays an important role in preparing people's food needs; therefore the main purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting agricultural sustainability on wheat farms in Kermanshah County. 2-Materials and Methods The main purpose of this study is to review factors affecting agricultural sustainability on wheat farms in Kermanshah County. The research statistical population based on a surveying method consisted of irrigated wheat farmers who were working agriculture in Kermanshah County. Of those a number of 300 farmers were selected based on Kerjcie and Morgan table. A questionnaire was the main tool for data gathering. In addition to the questionnaire, interview technique also has used. Accuracy of indices and questions in the questionnaire or validity was verified by a group of experts. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire first 30 farmers completed the questionnaire then a Chronbach alpha test was used to calculate the results and it was 82 percent. To analyze data a number of different tests in particular multiple regression were used. 3- Resultsand Discussion Results showed that farmers' annual yield per hectare was 5.24 tones. The findings about the use of phosphate fertilizers (black) and nitrogen (White) also showed that farmers have used 100 to 300 kilograms per hectare of these fertilizers. About Potash fertilizer consumption, the majority of farmers (37.7 %) have used more than 200 kg per hectare. Findings from the use of pesticides and herbicides revealed that the majority of wheat has used one kg per hectare of these poisons. Results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the agro- technical factors, socio-economic factors and extension-educational factors as independent variables and dependent variable (the sustainability of agricultural farms). There was no significant relationship between policy and institutional factors with the sustainability of agricultural farms. This means that the sustainability of agricultural farms in the research region is not dependent to the policy and institutional factors. The results showed that the majority of farmers' farms (74.6%) were in the unsustainable situation. The results of correlations showed no significant relationship between age and education level with the dependent variable (sustainability of farms), but there was a significant relationship between performance and ownership variables with the sustainability of agricultural farms at level of one percent. The multiple regression results showed that variables include agri-technical, social and economic, and extension education factors could determine 50 percent of the agricultural sustainability variable. 4- Conclusion The results showed a significant relationship between the amounts of farms' sustainability and the yield per hectare, therefore it is recommended that the methods of sustainable farming be trained and educated to farmers with the aim of increasing yield per hectare and the farmers' income. Regarding to this result that the target farmers had a rather weak financial ability it is concluded that the governmental and non-governmental organizations should financially support the farmers by giving loans to those who operate according to sustainable agriculture items. In order to get better the sustainable farming operations, an extension and education course should be presented on farms about sustainable agriculture operations. Extension brochures and pamphlets also can be useful for better sustainable farming
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نویسندگان مقاله رضا موحدی |
دانشیار ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه بوعلی سینا (Bu ali sina university)

نفیسه امیری باوندپور | amiri bavandpoor
کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه بوعلی سینا (Bu ali sina university)

کریم نادری مهدیی | naderi mahdei
دانشیار ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه بوعلی سینا (Bu ali sina university)

نشانی اینترنتی http://ges.razi.ac.ir/article_558_b5a8539cca9614dedea27cdff049ad42.pdf
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