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Addiction and Health، جلد ۱۶، شماره ۳، صفحات ۲۱۳-۲۲۳
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عنوان انگلیسی Does Tramadol Exposure Have Unfavorable Effects on Hippocampus? A Review Study
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Background: Tramadol, one of the most common opioid pain relievers, acts upon the µ-receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) 
to alleviate pain associated with various situations like postoperative pain, arthritis, and muscular pain. Additionally, it has been 
utilized to address depression and anxiety disorders. Extensive research has shown that tramadol can potentially inflict irreversible 
harm on different regions of the CNS, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, amygdala, and, notably, the hippocampal formation. 
However, the precise mechanism behind these effects remains unclear. Within this study, we conducted a comprehensive 
examination of the impacts of tramadol on the CNS, specifically focusing on hippocampal formation. 
Methods: In this study, we collected relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022 by conducting searches using specific 
keywords, including tramadol, tramadol hydrochloride, central nervous system, hippocampus, and hippocampal formation, in 
various databases.
Findings: The results of this study proposed several processes by which tramadol may impact the CNS, including the induction of 
apoptosis, autophagy, excessive production of free radicals, and dysfunction of cellular organelles. These processes ultimately lead 
to disturbances in neural cell function, particularly within the hippocampus. Furthermore, it is revealed that tramadol administration 
led to a significant decrease in the neural cell count and the volume of various regions within the brain and spinal cord.
Conclusion: Consequently, neuropsychological impairments, such as memory formation, attention deficits, and cognitive 
impairment, may happen. This finding highlights the potential impacts of tramadol on neural structures and warrants further 
investigation.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Tramadol, Central Nervous System, Hippocampus
نویسندگان مقاله Samira Ezi |
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

Mehri Shadi |
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

Masood Vafaei-Nezhad |
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

Saeed Vafaei-Nezhad |
1.Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2.Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

نشانی اینترنتی https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_92504_a527740315c998e41d541df51543c698.pdf
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