| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Background: Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medik) is the cool season and seed legum that is a good source of nutrients needed by human include protein, carbohydrate, vitamin and minerals. The production of high-yeilding and high plant height varieties is one of the lentil improvement goals. For this purpose, it is necessary to collect germplasm to be evaluated as a base population and Lines with high potential and other desirable traits are identified and exploited. The environment has a significant effect on the crop production of this plant. Therefore, direct selection is impotent for the seed yield. Since the seed yield depends on the yield component the yield and its components must be considered as a group at the time of selecting to improve the yield. To properly increase yield and economic efficiency, we need to collect desirable lines with desirable genes and transfer these genes to the cultivated lines to produce desirable cultivars. Consequently, there should be sufficient information on accessible genetic materials, which is possible by evaluating different traits.
Methods: In order to assess the model of the simultaneous effect of traits on the lentil seed yield for determining how to perform selection in native lentil lines of Zanjan province, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of Zanjan University's Faculty of Agriculture during two cropping years, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. In both years of the experiment, improved cultivars such as Kimia, Sabz Kohin, Gachsaran, Maragheh and Bilehsavar were used as control cultivars. The first year, the experiment was conducted in the augmented design based on randomized complete bloke design with 200 lines. Each experimental unit included a 1-meter row. The distance between the rows was 25 cm, the distance between plants in a row was 5 cm, and the planting depth was 5 cm. Two rows of Kohin-Sabz lentils were planted as margins at the beginning and end of each block. In the second year of the experiment, due to obtaining a sufficient amount of seeds from the first year, the experiment was carried out in the form of a simple lattice design with two replications and larger experimental units for the lines selected from the first year. Each experimental unit included two 1-meter lines. The distance between the rows, the distance between plants in a row, and the planting depth were similar to the first-year experiment. Two rows of Kuhin green lentils were planted as margins at the beginning and end of each incomplete block. The measured traits included phenological and morphological, yield and yield components per plant and unit area.
Results: Among the studied traits, the highest coefficient of variation was related to the number of seed, biomass, straw yield and seed yield. Coefficient of correlation showed number of seed and seed yield had positive and significance with phenological traits such as podding period, physiological maturity, seed filing period and morphological traits such as plant height and first branching height, respectively. Also, there was positive and significance correlation of number of seed and seed yield with number of pod per plant and biomass per plant. In regression analysis by stepwise method, the plant height was the first trait entered into the model, which could explain 46.8% of the variation related to seed yield per plant. Then, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, straw yield per plant, and seed-filling period were entered into the model, respectively, which could explain a total of 67.5% of variation related to seed yield per plant. The results of the path analysis showed that the number of seeds per plant has the most considerable direct and positive effect on seed yield. Then, the direct effect related to the 1000-seed Weight, plant height and seed-filling period, respectively. Therefore, these traits would be recomended as the most important and significant traits in the indirect selection of seed yield in lentils. Most of the indirect effects of the traits on seed yield were positive and the most indirect effects were related to seed-filling period, plant height, and straw yield through the number of seeds per plant. Also, the seed-filling period through plant height and the plant height through number of seeds had an indirect effect on seed yield. In factor analysis based on principal component analysis and varimax rotation, six factors explained about 76% of the data variation. The first three factors included the most considerable volume of data variation. The first factor was identified as phenology and height. And the second and third factors were identified as yield and yield components. Results showed that the selection based on these factors would lead to the genesis of the high yield lines.
Conclusion: The highest coefficient of variation was related to traits, the number of seeds, biomass, straw yield, and seed yield. Seed yield per plant had a positive and significant correlation with the phenological traits of podding period, seed filling period and physiological maturity and morphological traits of plant height and the height of the first branch. The number of seeds per plant had the most direct effect on seed yield. Afterwards, the most direct effect was related to the 1000-Seed weight, the plant height and the seed filling period. Therefore, these traits can be considered as criteria for selecting superior lines. According to the factor analysis results, six factors could justify 77.306 percent of the data variations.
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