| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction and Objective: Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of the main food legume crops in Iran, where it is grown as a rainfed crop in the spring season in cold regions. One of the obstacles of spring cultivation in the cold regions is confronting drought stress at the end of the growing season in the late cultivation date, that cause dramatically increase null pods and decrease in seed yield. Until introducing the autumn cultivation specific and cold tolerant lentil varieties, the only solution for this problem is to find ways to deal with the damage of drought stress. Nanotechnology serves a precursor of new industrial revolution. Nanotechnology has the potential to bring alteration in the agricultural production. Nano particles have been applied for enhancing seed germination, growth, physiology, productivity and quality attributes of various crops under normal or stress conditions. So, in order to reduce the negative effect of drought stress at dryland conditions in late cultivations, the effect of ZnSO4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles at 0.5% and 1% were studied on agronomic, physiologic, root characters and antioxidant system of lentil in cold region.
Material and Methods: The Field study was carried out during the (2019-2020) growing season at the Dryland Agricultural Research Center- Maragheh (DARI). Experiment were conducted at the rainfed conditions using a complete block design with three replications. Treatments consists, no spray, 0.5% nano ZnSO4, 1% nano ZnSO4, 0.5% ZnSO4, 1% ZnSO4, 0.5% nano Fe2O3, 1% nano Fe2O3, 0.5% Fe2O3, 1% Fe2O3. Treatments were applied at two stages (10 days after plants first establishment and 50% of flowering) in early morning and no windy days. In this experiment the Bilesavar variety that is suitable for spring cultivation in cold regions was used. During growing season, plant height, relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability (CMS), canopy temperature, the normalized difference in the vegetative index (NDVI) were recorded. After harvesting, the seed yield and 100 seed weight were calculated. Also at during season, leaf samples were gathered and activity of ascorbate peroxidase (ASP), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and content of proline, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were calculated.
Results: Differences between treatments were significant at 1% for relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability (CMS), canopy temperature, the normalized difference in the vegetative index (NDVI) and seed yield, and were significant at 0.5% for 100 seed weight. Highest seed weight was observed in using nano Fe2O3 0.5% and lowest belonged to no spray treatment. Also, Lowest relative water content (RWC), membrane stability (CMS), highest canopy temperature was recorded in no spray treatment. Analysis of variance results showed that, differences between treatments for all biochemical traits were significant at 1% level. chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content increased using nano particles and highest level belonged to 1% nano ZnSO4 treatment and as expected the lowest calculated in no spray treatment. Highest carotenoids, highest activity of catalase, highest activity of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase observed in 1% nano ZnSO4 treatment. Lowest activity of these enzymes belonged to no spray treatment. Highest H2O2, proline and malondialdehyde belonged to no spray treatment. Due to the results, seed yield had significant correlation with catalase (0.81), glutathione peroxidase (0.88), super oxide dismutase (0.80), H2O2 (-0.82), malondialdehyde (-0.90), proline (-0.89), chlorophyll a (0.83), chlorophyll b (0.64), carotenoids (0.74), 100seed weight (0.50), the normalized difference in the vegetative index (0.86), canopy temperature (-0.76), relative water content (0.84) and cell membrane stability (0.95) at 1% level. Highest root length observed respectively at 1% nano ZnSO4, 0.5% nano ZnSO4, 0.5% nano Fe2O3 and 1% nano Fe2O3. Nano particles had no effect on average diameter. While, applying 1% Fe2O3 had the highest effect on root volume. Surface of root, had the highest increase with using 1% nano Fe2O3, 0.5% nano ZnSO4 and 0.5% nano ZnSO4. Highest root length was belonged to 1% nano ZnSO4 and 0.5% nano ZnSO4. While lowest root length recorded in no spray treatment.
Conclusion: According to the results, 1% Fe2O3 had the highest effect on agronomic and physiological traits, while 0.5% ZnSO4 was effective on the antioxidant system and ZnSO4 nanoparticles had the positive effect on root length and average diameter. While Fe2O3 nanoparticles were effective in improving the surface area and volume of the root.
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