| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction and Objective: About 30% of the world's sugar needs are provided by sugar beet and sugar cane. Many biotic factors such as pests, diseases and weeds cause decrease in production and damage in sugar beet fields. In order to bring the production of sugar beet to its real potential and maintain it at this level, it is necessary to identify the biotic stress-causing factors, determine the role of each of them in reducing the yield and investigate their management and control methods. One of the pests of sugar beet is the root aphid, which settles on the secondary roots and by feeding on plant sap, causes dwarfism and wilting of the plants and also, It causes a decrease in root weight and a 30-36% decrease in sugar content. Due to the special conditions of the aphid's life under the soil and the effect of the white wax secretions of the aphid on the non-wetting of the soil by the poison solution and also due to the lack of a suitable systemic poison, the use of chemical poisons in the form of soil-water is not recommended in controlling this pest and therefore, the most effective method of managing this pest in sugar beet fields is to use resistant and tolerant cultivars. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the resistance of different domestic and foreign cultivars to this type of aphid and investigating the effect of this pest on their quantitative and qualitative yield that in the future they or their ancestors can be used in different breeding programs to produce resistant cultivars.
Material and Methods: In order to evaluate the resistance to root aphid of eight different sugar beet cultivars (Asia, Arta, Dena, Shokoofa, biopolymerized Shokoofa, Nika, Palma and BTS505) and the effect of this pest on their quantitative and qualitative yield, an experimental was conducted as a pilot based on randomized complete block design with four repetitions in 2023 crop season in the West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, agricultural education center of Miandoab city. In order to evaluate the resistance level of the evaluated cultivars, sampling of sugar beet root aphid was done by harvesting 20 sugar beet roots (four replicates per cultivar) in the middle of September and the samples were grouped into four resistant, semi-resistant (tolerant), sensitive and very sensitive groups based on the percentage of sugar beet roots infected with aphids. Also, after harvesting, quantitative and qualitative yield yield related traits were measured.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivar on all measured traits was significant (p≥0.01). Also, the highest and lowest values of the genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were related to the percentage of infected roots by aphid (46.52% and 46.73%, respectively) and sugar extraction coefficient (4.55% and 4.69%, respectively). Based on the results from cultivars mean comparing, the highest and lowest value of the root yield trait was related to BTS505 and Palma foreign cultivars with 82.35 and 62.81 t.ha-1, respectively, which placed in two different statistical groups. Of course, the difference between the average of root yield of the Palma cultivar with lowest root yield was not significant with Shokoofa cultivar (64.41 t.ha-1). In terms of sugar content trait, the highest amount was belonging to the BTS505 foreign cultivar (16.86%) and the lowest to the Palma foreign cultivar and the Shokoofa domestic cultivar (with 12.65 and 13.01%, respectively). Also, there was not much difference between the averages of domestic and foreign cultivars in terms of root yield trait (69.56 and 72.58 t.ha-1, respectively) and sugar content (14.25 and 14.75%, respectively). It indicates the genetic progress of the newly introduced domestic hybrid cultivars in terms of these two important traits that influence the final yield of sugar. In terms of the percentage of aphid-infected roots, the studied cultivars were placed in three different statistical groups, such that BTS505 and Asia cultivars with the lowest infection percentage in the first group (as resistant cultivars), Arta, Dena, biopolymerized Shokoofa and Nika cultivars with moderate level of infection were placed in the second group (as semi-resistant or tolerant cultivars) and two cultivars, Palma and Shokoofa, were placed in the third group as sensitive cultivars.
Conclusion: Considering the environmental, health and economic considerations in order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides to control this pest and on the other hand, the lack of proper efficiency of many available pesticides, the use of resistant and tolerant varieties of sugar beet to this pest (two BTS505 and Asia as resistant cultivars) can be used as the main management solution should always be considered and on the other hand, due to their genetic resistance to rhizomania and nematode diseases, they can be used for cultivation in many beet growing areas of the country. Of course, it is suggested that while comparing more and more diffrent cultivars, these cultivars should also be examined and evaluated in different years and places with different climatic conditions, which can finally be recommended with more confidence.
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| نویسندگان مقاله |
حیدر عزیزی | Heydar Azizi
Sugar Beet Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran
بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران
اسماعیل علیزاده | Esmaiel Alizadeh
Plant Protection Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran.
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران. 3- مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
ولی اله یوسف آبادی | Valiollah Yousefabadi
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
حامد منصوری | Hamed Mansouri
Sugar Beet Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Hamedan, Iran
بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران.
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