| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the legumes that are grown in cool growing season areas and are one of the main sources of protein and energy and play a major role in improving soil fertility. Peas are divided into two classes, Desi and Kabali. The desi seed is smaller, wrinkled and darker, while the kabli has a lighter, whiter seed color, larger seed size and smooth surface. The yield of chickpeas in America is 1199 kg per hectare, India is 1261 kg per hectare, and in Iran it is 409 kg per hectare. Until 2005, due to the lack of sufficient genetic resources in chickpea, this plant was called an orphan plant, but after many efforts at the national and international level, the chickpea plant is known as a plant with a rich genomic resource. Further studies of chickpea genetic diversity are important to improve yield. Chickpea has a lot of diversity in different geographical regions, and the genetic pattern and the amount of variation within and between these populations should be known in order to progress in the breeding programs and the effective use of these germplasm collections. Evaluation of genotypes faces two key challenges. The first is the interaction of genotype in the environment, and the second is the interaction between the studied traits. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the genetic diversity in the desi chickpea germplasm under the conditions of autumn cultivation and analyzing the relationships of morphological-agronomical traits and selecting superior genotypes in terms of all morphological-agronomical traits.
Material and Methods:In this research, 416 genotypes including 335 landrice of Iran and 1 ICARDA genotype and 78 ICRISAT genotypes along with 2 checks named cultivars Kaka and Pirouz in the experimental farm of Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (Kermanshah) in terms of morphological-agronomic traits, including the number of days to flowering, the number of main branches, the number of secondary branches, the number of pods per plant, the height of the plant, at the end of the number of days to maturity, seed yield and weight One hundred seeds were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in during 2020-2021 under the conditions of autumn sowing and as an augmentation based on a randomized complete block design with 9 blocks. In order to analyze the variance and estimate the heritability and genetic advance, the R software package (augmentedRCBD) was used, and for the biplot analysis of the genotype by trait, the R software package (metan) and (GGEBiplotGUI) were used. In order to group data, K-mean algorithm, Single method and Euclidean distance were used with R software. And to calculate the number of appropriate groups resulting from cluster analysis, R software package (NbClust) was used. Using R software package (metan) with selection index (MGIDI), the top genotypes were ranked based on several traits.
Results: The results of analysis of variance were significant in traits number of days to maturity, weight of one hundred seeds and plant height. the highest value of the coefficient of variation was for the trait number of secondary branches and the lowest value of the coefficient of variation was for the trait of day to maturity. the traits of plant height and hundred seed weight had high values of heritability and genetic advance. According to the results of the biplot of the genotype by trait, genotypes 148, 327, 391, 277 had the best conditions in terms of hundred seed weight, days to maturity, plant height and days to flowering. Genotypes 6, 400, 18, 42, 26, 168, 15, 2 had the best conditions for the traits of number of pods per plant, seed yield, number of main branches and number of secondary branches per plant. According to the findings of the genotype by trait biplot, most of the selected genotypes are from the landrace of Iranian chickpea. Clustering was done using K-means method and the genotypes were divided into two groups. In the second group, genotype number 6, 18, 148, 327, 91 had more distances (according to the center of the group) than other genotypes. Then, using the MGIDI index, 62 genotypes are ranked as the best genotypes in terms of all traits.
Conclusion: The high genetic diversity of the traits studied in this research indicates the possibility of selection among genotypes. Plant height and hundred seed weight traits have high heritability and genetic advance values, which indicate the additive effects of the gene, and in the research on Desi chickpea populations, the breeding method of selection can be used to improve these traits. According to biplot results, the number of pods per plant had important effects on seed yield in autumn sowing conditions, and it is important in terms of selecting genotypes related to the desired traits. On the other hand, the weight of one hundred seeds had a high correlation with the height of the plant in desi chickpea, which is very important in the mechanical harvesting of chickpea. The superior genotypes selected in this research can be used as parents in the future breeding programs of Desi chickpea under autumn cultivation conditions.
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