| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction and Objective: Due to the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its roots, the lentil plant causes biological nitrogen fixation, and in addition to meeting the plant's need for this substance, they also add some pure nitrogen to the soil each year. Therefore, it has made the soil fertile, especially in the dry areas, and in this sense, it is considered a suitable rotation for rainfed cereals. Lentils are a significant source of food proteins, minerals (potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc), carbohydrates and vitamins in human nutrition and have health benefits due to their low fat content and glycemic index. It is very abundant. The low yield of lentil genotypes is caused by various factors including poor soil fertility, lack of high-yielding improved cultivars, severe moisture stress, diseases, pests, weeds, and inadequate crop management skills. In recent years, global climate change, especially due to rainfall and environmental changes, has had a significant impact on lentil production. In Iran, lentils are usually cultivated in spring under rainfed conditions, while its autumn cultivation in terms of increasing the efficiency of rainfall increases grain yield compared to spring cultivation under rainfed conditions. In addition, to maximize yield and control phenotypic expression, breeders must select specific genotypes that are stable or adapted to a specific environment. Therefore, identification of high-yield genotypes with adaptation to a wide range of environments is one of the major goals in crop breeding programs. In multi-environment experiments, lentil yield is influenced by genetic structure, environment and genotype × environment interaction. To better interpret the genotype × environment interaction, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model is one of the most common methods in the study of multi-environment experiments. The current study aimed to investigate the interaction of genotype and environment on lentil genotypes and to identify stable, high-yielding genotypes that are compatible with the climatic conditions of temperate rainfed regions of the country.
Material and Methods: In this study, 12 promising lentil genotypes along with “local”, “Kimia” and “Gachsaran” cultivars were cultivated in a randomized complete block design for three consecutive cropping years (2019-2022) in Lorestan/Khoramabad, Ilam/Chardavel, and Kermanshah/Sararood. In the field, each plot consisted of four meters planting rows with a distance of 25 cm and a density of 200 seeds per square meter. Stability analysis was performed using the AMMI multivariate method. Statistical analyses were performed using Metan and GGE packages of multi-environment experiments in R software.
Results: AMMI analysis of variance showed that the effects of environment, genotype, the genotype × environment and the first seven main components were significant. Therefore, due to the significance of genotype × environment interaction, it is possible to perform stability analysis on these data. According to AMMI analysis, the first and second main components of genotype-environment interaction accounted for 45.6 and 19% of genotype × environment interaction variations, respectively. The effect of the first seven main components was significant and in total explained 99.5% of the variations of genotype × environment interaction. The share of environment, genotype and interaction of genotype × environment in the sum of total squares was 54.56, 5.45 and 16.9 percent, respectively. Among the studied genotypes, Genotype 10 with 850 kg/ha, followed by genotypes 12, 6, and 4 had the highest grain yield. Based on the ASV stability index, genotypes number 3, 5 and 1, based on the SIPC index, genotypes 3, 1, 7 and 10, based on EV index, genotypes number 1, 10 and 3 and based on index Za and WAAS, genotypes 3, 1, 5 and 10 were the most stable genotypes. Based on the simultaneous selection index of ssiASV, genotypes 10, 4, 5 and 1, based on the ssiSIPC index, genotypes 10, 6, 7 and 4, based on the ssiEV index of genotypes 10, 6, 1 and 7, Based on ssiZA index, genotypes 1, 10, 6 and 7 and based on ssiWAAS index, genotypes 1, 10, 6 and 3 were the best genotypes in terms of yield and stability. Based on the AMMI1 biplot, genotypes 1, 6, 10 and 11 with mean grain yield higher than the overall average and lowest values of IPCA1 were identified as stable genotypes with high general compatibility. In the AMMI2 biplot, genotypes 9, 11, 1 and 10, in addition to high general stability, had higher grain yield than the overall average. In addition to the AMMI indices, Lin and Binn's superiority index was also used to identify the best genotypes, and based on this, genotypes 1, 10, 9 and 15 the most stable genotypes in the studied environments. Using AMMI distance parameter, genotypes 1, 3, 5 and 7 were recognized as genotypes with stable yield.
Conclusion: In general, genotypes 10 (09S96510-13) and 6 (ILL2261) had high yields in most of the environments based on different indices and had good stability in most methods. Therefore, they could be candidates for the introduction of new cultivars.
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