| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Extended Abstract
Every day, large amounts of rumen contents are produced as waste in slaughterhouses and are left unused in the environment, which causes environmental problems. Compared to other processing methods, bioconversion is a new and desirable method for managing agricultural waste and residues. As a rich source of enzymes, ruminal liquid can be used in bioconversion of agricultural wastes. About 35% of all potatoes are thrown away as waste during different stages. Potato waste is a suitable raw material that can be used as a valuable protein by-product during the simple fermentation process by using rumen liquid obtained from slaughterhouse waste and adding various non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources. For this purpose, an evaluation of the effect of using processed potato waste with rumen contents in the diet of fattening lambs was done.
Material and Methods: The slow-release NPN source used in this experiment with the brand name Nitrosa contained 40% nitrogen equivalent to 250% of crude protein. The best level of NPN for processing potato waste using the potential of rumen liquid microorganisms based on the results of the amount of crude protein of the solid part produced during incubation for use in the farm sector was determined 3 grams of nitrogen from a Nitrosa source for the ratio of 400 ml of rumen liquid + 200 grams of damaged potatoes. A constant ratio of rumen liquid to waste potatoes (2:1) was chosen. The solid part of the fermented product of the semi-industrial production of potato waste processing with rumen liquid and urea, in the diet of 24 heads of 5-month-old Romanov-Moghani crossbreed lambs with 4 diets and 6 repetitions (lamb) at three levels of 2.5, 5 and 7.5% replacement The basic diet of the 78-day fattening period of the lambs was included. The average weight of the lambs of the groups at the beginning of the period was 31.1 kg. The experimental groups include 1) basic diet (without processed potato waste), 2) basic diet with 2.5% processed potato waste (dried solid phase), 3) basic diet with 5% processed potato waste (dried solid phase) and 4) Basic diet with 7.5% processed potato waste (dried solid phase). On the 60th day of the fattening period, to determine the concentration of blood metabolites of all lambs, blood was drawn from the jugular vein 3 hours after consuming feed. Then, using Pars Azmoun kits, the blood parameters including glucose, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, high-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and BHBA using a spectrophotometer was determined. Total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were measured using RANDOX kits. The concentration of malondialdehyde was measured using the reaction of thiobarbituric acid with malondialdehyde and was measured using Ransod kit of RANDOX by an autoanalyzer.
To measure the characteristics of the carcass, the lambs were weighed at the end of the fattening period. The measured traits included hot and cold carcass weight, tail weight, heart, liver, kidney, and lung of slaughtered lambs. Carcass yield was calculated by dividing the carcass weight by the final live weight. All the carcasses were separated from the area between the last back vertebra and the first tail vertebra between the slip joint and the carcass without the tail was weighed by a digital scale and the weight of the carcass without the tail was obtained. The tail of all the carcasses was separated from the part between the last vertebra of the back and the first vertebra of the tail between the slip joint and weighed with a digital scale. The tail percentage was calculated by dividing the tail weight by the carcass weight.
Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in the dry matter intake, FCR, daily weight gain and final weight of lambs during the fattening period. The average daily weight gain of the lambs of the 5% level was 228.6, 218.0, and 231.0 grams respectively for the second, third and the whole period, and the results showed that the lambs of this level had the lightest body weight with a final weight of 49.18 kg. The lambs of 2.5% level also showed the highest amount in line with the data of the FCR in the whole period with an average daily weight gain of 241.6 grams. Therefore, the final weight of Moghani lambs of this level at the time of slaughter was 49.99 kg, which is the heaviest lambs for this group. The results of blood analysis show that there is no significant difference between the experimental groups and that blood factors are not influenced by different levels of substitution of the experimental substance. The antioxidant activity index and the concentration of malondialdehyde in the blood serum of lambs were not affected by the diets. From the results and data analysis, no significant difference was observed in the weight factors of hot carcass, heart, liver, kidney, lung, back fat thickness, tail and finally cold carcass. Concerning the separation and components of the carcass in the treatments, taking into account their non-significance and considering the observed performance of the treatments.
Conclusion: The results showed that it is possible to improve the nutritional value of potato waste by using rumen contents to process potato waste while supplementing it with urea, and use the produced experimental material in feeding ruminants. In this research, the semi-industrial production of the experimental material of potato waste processed with rumen contents and its replacement at three levels of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 percent of the diet of fattening lambs showed no significant difference between the groups in terms of dry matter consumption, FCR, daily weight gain and final weight did not show. Also, no significant difference was observed between the experimental groups in terms of carcass characteristics and meat yield. The experimental material of potato waste processed with rumen contents without significant difference and yield reduction was able to meet the requirements of lambs.
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