این سایت در حال حاضر پشتیبانی نمی شود و امکان دارد داده های نشریات بروز نباشند
جامعه شناسی کاربردی، جلد ۲۴، شماره ۲، صفحات ۱۲۷-۱۴۲
عنوان فارسی اثر تولید و رشد بخشی بر فقر و رفاه اجتماعی در استان‏های ایران (۸۶-۱۳۷۹)
چکیده فارسی مقاله شکوفه فرهمند، استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان * سید کمیل طیبی، استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان محسن کریمی، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان فقر در طول تاریخ بشری یکی از پدیده‏های نامطلوب اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع مختلف به شمار رفته و هم اکنون نیز به عنوان یکی از معضلات بزرگ جامعه جهانی شناخته می‏شود. با استناد بر نظریه رشد به نفع فقیر، این سؤال مطرح است که آیا رشد اقتصادی با افزایش متغیرهای کمی اقتصادی مانند تولید ناخالص داخلی و درآمد سرانه می‏تواند یکی از عوامل اصلی کاهش فقر باشد. بدین ترتیب، با توجه به نقش کلیدی و مهم رشد بخش­های سه­گانه (کشاورزی، صنعت و خدمات) بر افزایش رفاه و کاهش فقر، نشان دادن رابطه آنها هدف عمده و اصلی این مطالعه می‏باشد. در این راستا، این مطالعه به بررسی وضعیت فقر و رفاه در خانوارها در دوره زمانی 1386- 1379 به تفکیک استان‏های کشور می‏پردازد. در این مطالعه از متغیرهای آموزش نیروی انسانی و بهداشت به عنوان متغیرهای کنترلی در مدل وارد شده و مدل تصریح شده از طریق GMM تخمین زده شده است. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که هرچند با رشد بخش‏های مذکور رفاه کل در کشور افزایش پیدا کرده است، اما این رشد همراه با افزایش نابرابری در بین خانوارها در بیشتر استان­های کشور بوده است. از طرف دیگر به طور متوسط رشد بخش خدمات نسبت به دو بخش دیگر بیشتر می­باشد. همچنین تأثیر آموزش نیروی انسانی و بهداشت در افزایش رفاه و کاهش فقر به وضوح قابل مشاهده است.
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله رفاه اجتماعی، رشد بخشی، فقر، نابرابری توزیع درآمد،
عنوان انگلیسی The Impact of Sectorial Economic Growth on Poverty and Social welfare in Provinces of Iran (2000-2007)
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Introduction In the recent literature on poverty and growth two main questions are receiving increasing attention: How much do the poor share in aggregate economic growth? And what factors explain differences (across space or over time) in the impacts of economic growth on poverty? In economic activities, with the growth of the agricultural sector, it is expected that extreme poverty will be reduced and income distribution will become more appropriate. Agricultural sector contains employment opportunities, both direct and indirect, which increase national output more than many others sectors. Research shows that the most successful economies are those that push the industry towards increasing exports. Studies show that the growth rate of the service sector (in terms of employment) is higher. Education, health and recreation services, have a positive impact on the quality of the organization. Professional services, including special skills for increasing competitiveness of firms provide special expertise for a business company which is competitive. One of the other policies that come to fight poverty is increasing human capital through training people. Increasing levels of education lead to increasing individual employment. This means that the main level of a nation's life is the ability to use skills, awareness about issues related to health and education. Income inequality is another important factor affecting poverty which is in a close relationship with it. In fact, as income inequality increases, the gap between the poor and the rich becomes wider. Since the growth of agriculture, industry and service sectors and the impact of variables such as education, health and social assistance on them are important, the question is what relationships might exist between these variables and poverty and welfare? Previous research has shown that growth in average income is correlated with reduction in the occurrence and depth of poverty. Looking at 67 countries, Ravallion and Chen (1997) find that inequality changes were uncorrelated with growth rates between 1981 and 1994, implying that poverty declines are strongly correlated with growth in mean incomes. They estimated that the elasticity of poverty incidence (at the “$1-a-day” line) to mean household income was about −3. Ravallion (2001) finds a lower elasticity of −2.1, when an econometric correction is made for measurement errors in surveys. Dollar and Kraay (2002) also found that “growth is good for the poor:” in a sample of 92 countries, over four decades, the mean incomes of the poorest 20% of the population grew on average at the same rate as overall mean incomes. For India, Ravallion and Datt (1996) found that growth in the agricultural and (especially) service sectors had a higher impact on poverty than manufacturing growth. Using state-level data over time for India, Ravallion and Datt (2002) found that the elasticity of poverty to non-agricultural growth varied significantly across states, and was greater in states with higher initial literacy and farm productivity, and lower landlessness and infant mortality. There is a relationship between poverty and social welfare, as it is shown in figure (1). Figure (1)- Poverty and social welfare Material & Methods We studied the poverty and welfare impacts of economic growth in provinces of Iran using information on poverty and social welfare, output by sector and a number of controls variables for a period spanning 8 years. We used value added information for sector growth data bases and household information for calculating the social welfare index and poverty index. We applied sectorial variation in these data to shed light on the determinants of poverty dynamics in Iran. Since we have a panel of 28 provinces in 8 years, we allow the regression coefficients to vary by provinces. The estimation method is GMM. In this method we use instruments and lags for variables. To motivate our specification choice, consider first the following model in levels: Here is social welfare in province i on year t. is the average income and G is Gini coefficient. A is agricultural sector output I is industrial sector output and S is service sector output. So there is a lag for all of the variables. Discussion of Result & Conclusions Iran's disappointingly low rate of poverty reduction and high welfare between the 2000 and 2007 was not due only to weak economic growth — though this was certainly key. It also reflected a low growth elasticity of poverty reduction, consistent with the country's high level of inequality. In this paper, we investigated three possible sets of factors that determine the distributional component of poverty reduction and more social welfare. We did find marked differences in the poverty-reducing effect of growth across different sectors, with growth in the service sector being consistently more pro-poor than either in agriculture or industry sectors.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Social Welfare
نویسندگان مقاله محسن کریمی |
اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه اصفهان (Isfahan university)

سید کمیل طیبی | seyed komail
گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه اصفهان (Isfahan university)

شکوفه فرهمند |
هیأت علمی

نشانی اینترنتی http://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_18306_7d0dc8e23e2372cb5abdcbc0a2e0e477.pdf
فایل مقاله اشکال در دسترسی به فایل - ./files/site1/rds_journals/747/article-747-338245.pdf
کد مقاله (doi)
زبان مقاله منتشر شده fa
موضوعات مقاله منتشر شده
نوع مقاله منتشر شده
برگشت به: صفحه اول پایگاه   |   نسخه مرتبط   |   نشریه مرتبط   |   فهرست نشریات