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مجله علوم اعصاب شفای خاتم، جلد ۱۲، شماره ۴، صفحات ۰-۰
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عنوان انگلیسی Astrocytes Alterations in The Epileptic Disorders
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Introduction: Epilepsy affects about 1% of population. Approximately 30% of epileptic patients are resistant to current antiepileptic drugs. Materials and Methods: This article reviewed the mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures. Results: recently, glial cells have been considered as new targets for epilepsy treatment. Glial cells previously were considered as supportive elements for brain function; however, their role is beyond. They deliver neuroactive molecules and adjust synaptic transmission. Increasing Na⁺ channels, and decreasing inwardly rectifier K⁺ channels or water channels, reduction of glutamine synthetase and enhancement of glutamate dehydrogenase are among characteristics of astrocytes in sclerotic hippocampus, which is commonly seen in epileptic brain. The release of glutamate from astrocytes enhances neuronal irritability during seizure-like events. Astrocytes are the target of inflammatory molecules and can generate cytokine molecules. Up-regulation of interleukin-1 receptor type 1(IL-1R1) or Toll like receptors (TLRs) in reactive astrocytes in human brain has been reported in epilepsy. Cannabinoid (CB) receptors exert an immunomodulatory effect on astrocytes. Astrocytic calcium oscillations can mediate astrogliosis, which is a well-known feature in mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Astrogliosis is enough to provoke epileptic seizures. The extracellular and synaptic adenosine (Ado) level is mainly regulated by astrocytes. Seizures occur in animals lacking oligodendrocytic connexin (Cx) Cx32 and astrocytic Cx43. Conclusion: bidirectional flow of molecules between astrocytes and surrounding microenvironment make the understanding of ongoing mechanisms more difficult. Each effector in this regard may be considered as a therapeutic target for attenuating seizure and epilepsy.
 
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Gliosis, Epilepsy, Neuroglia, Seizures
نویسندگان مقاله | Arezoo Rajabian
Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran


| Mahmoud Hosseini
Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
نشانی اینترنتی http://shefayekhatam.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-24-1437&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
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زبان مقاله منتشر شده fa
موضوعات مقاله منتشر شده روانشناسی
نوع مقاله منتشر شده پژوهشی
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