| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
One of the basic needs of human beings has always been the sense of security and being free from any fear and risk. The sense of security is more important than security itself and it is achieved only when a person does not feel any threat. Accordingly, people will not feel the safe until there is no security in the community.One of the measures to protect the life of individuals and social groups and achieve their desired objectives through the opportunities is to access the social security. Therefore, it is essential to ensure the human security as a fundamental component of modern life that takes place in a social context. The sense of social security means that a person feels that nothing threatens their community and social interactions, life, property, reputation or social status. This article aims to examine the sense of social security and its related factors among the employed women in the state organizations and agencies in Tabriz. To make the indexes and hypotheses, the security studies of Copenhagen School and sociological theories of Durkheim, Giddens and others have been used. The hypotheses of this study are: - Average sense of social security based on the educational level of employed women, social class and different job categories are different. - there is a significant relationship between income, social support, religious beliefs, sexual harassment of employed women and the women’s sense of social security at work. It is a survey research and the data were collected by means of questionnaires. To assess the validity, the formal and theoretical validation was used in factor analysis structure form. Also, to assess the reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. The sample size, including 240 employed women in the state organizations and agencies in the Tabriz, were selected through stratified random sampling method. That is, after determining the statistical population, each of the organizations and agencies in Tabriz were considered as a class. Then, based on the proportion of employed women in each office, the appropriate sample size was determined and the number of employed women was selected for each office. In the present study, the social security variable is measured in four dimensions; a sense of moral security, sense of job security, a sense of financial security and sense of legal security. The mean score obtained from the social security variable was 128.48 and shows that employed women in this study had an average level of social security. Respondents’ sense of job security mean was average (35.52), moral security mean was high (28.79), sense of financial security was low (33.87) and finally the sense of legal security was low (30.57). Generally, the sense of social security among women was average. Also, according to the findings, the respondents’ social support level was moderate to high. The religious belief of respondents was higher than average (33.7) and the level of sexual harassment variable was higher (34.51). The results of the analytical hypothesis test indicate that the sense of social security, as a dependent variable, has a significant correlation with social support, income and religious adherence variables. Also, according to the results of this study, there was no significant difference between social class and social security of employed women. The results of this study show that women, belonging to different organizations have significantly different social security sense and also the respondents, whose mother and husband’s level of education were not in the same level, experienced different levels of social Security. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that social support, sexual harassment and income are the main variables that affect the employed women's sense of social security. These three variables could explain 42% of the dependent variable changes. Material and Methods This survey research was conducted 2010. Questionnaire is used for data gathering, and to analyse the data, SPSS software, T-test Analysis, One- way ANOVA Analysis, Pearson Correlation test and Reggression analysis were used. Research population includes all employed women in the state agencies and organizations in Tabriz. Sampling method was stratified random sampling method. Using Cochran formula, sample size was estimated to include 240 individuals. The validity of the questionnaire is of face and content validity type. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Coronbach’s alpha coefficient was used. Based on the results, the amount of alpha obtained for the variable sense of societal security is 0/92. Other variables has also acceptable reliability rates. Discussion of Results & Conlusions The results of this study indicate that the average score of the sense of social security was 128.48 which indicates that employed women have an average level of social security. Also, the score of social support with 26.27 mean, religious beliefs with 33.7 mean, sexual harassment with 34.51 mean, were in average and above average level. The results of hypothesis testing show that there is a significant correlation between the sense of social security and social support (r= 0.627, Sig= 0.000), income (r=0.153, Sig= 0.009) and religious commitment (r= 0.111, Sig= 0.038). Also, there was a significant difference between the average of the social classes and social security among the employed women (F= 4.001, Sig=0.004). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that social support, sexual harassment and income are the main variables that affect the employed women's sense of social security. These three variables could explain 42% of the dependent variable changes. According to the research findings, the social support of the employed women is an influential factor on the social security of women in the workplace. Since most of the employed women pass their lifetime in the workplace and in relationship with their colleagues, their emotional level appropriately will increase only if they can more effectively interact with their colleagues, decline their contacts, increase their friendly relationship and loyal contradictions and enjoy the superior social support so that they can meet their social and economic needs. |