| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
 Introduction  Aggression is a kind of disorder in social relationships among individuals and groups which is considered as one of the most important problems in contemporary society. This problem has different social consequences, the most significant of which is declining of different dimensions of security in society. Street aggression might result in assault and physical violence as well as verbal abuse and insult. Such quarrels may happen given the social, cultural and economic situations in every society and its rate is more or less due to different factors. Increasing poverty, unemployment and inflation are considered as effective and important factors in growing crimes and aggression. Meier believes that "aggression is disciplinarily obvious and directly visible, which might occur at least between two individuals" (Meier, 1989: 24). The problem appears necessary to investigate with regard to murder, organ deficit, prison, financial deficiency and irrecoverable mental crisis for those who are involved in an act of aggression and their families and creating consequences such as increasing social hurts, negative effects on social security and ruining the cultural reputation of a place. Having created disorder in social relationships, this phenomenon makes an atmosphere full of enmity, spite and grudge among individuals, paving the way for skirmish and strong tensions . This research attempts to study and measure factors that influence the rate of aggression among 15-60 year-old citizens of Yazd.   Materials and Methods  The research has been carried out using a survey method. The statistical population included a total of 15-60-year-old male citizens in Yazd, and the sample size was determined to include 324 subjects using Krejcie and Morgan's Table. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire which was made based on aggression characteristics (of course, some items were used by Mirfardi et al, 2011). Using explanatory factor analysis, namely, attitude to aggression, tendency to revenge and tendency to aggression, the concept of aggression was divided into 3 dimensions. Diner et al.'s scale of life satisfaction comprised of 5 items, access to welfare facilities comprised of 7 items, and aggression objective experience comprised of 3 items constitute other sections of the instrument. The reliability coefficient for aggression scale was 0.89, 0.85 for life satisfaction and 0.87 for access to welfare to facilities.   Discussion of Results and Conclusions  Based on the descriptive findings, from among the total number of 324 respondents, 147 were single (45.4%) and 177 were married (54.6%). The age mean was 29.77. Among the respondents, 34.9 percent had diploma (associate degree) or lower and 65.1 percent had a higher degree. The individuals' mean of aggression on the scale of 12-92 was equal to 42.66, the mean of aggression objective experience on the scale of 0-3 was 1.65, mean of life satisfaction on the scale of 5-25 was equal to 16.31, and mean of access to welfare facilities on the scale of 7-35 was equal to 22.64.  Most of the variables have a statistically significant correlation with each other. Age variable has a significant and negative relationship with other variables except life satisfaction and income. Tendency to aggression (r = -0.228) and tendency to revenge (r= -0.226) variables have a significant, negative relationship with age, indicating that young people have a more tendency to get involved in acts of aggression and revenge than the elderly.  Income variable has a positive and significant relationship with life satisfaction (r= 0.158) and access to welfare facilities (r= 0.189) variables, that is, as income increases, their access to facilities will rise and hence, their life satisfaction will increase. But income does not have a significant relationship with other variables.  The phenomena of aggression in a society produces challenges and problems that create an atmosphere full of enmity, spite and grudge among individuals, by fostering disorder in social relationships, paving the way for skirmish, dispute and strong tensions, and decreasing the feeling of security among citizens.  This phenomenon poses a great problem in our country which has a multiracial context. On the other hand, aggression and violence are unfortunately still those issues in some Iraniansâ culture which are an index of power or even protecting social, cultural and family prestige. Given the relationship between education and rate of aggression, it is recommended that serious attempt to be made to educate families and diminish the rate of illiteracy. As individuals gain more experience in acts of aggression, they adopt a higher tendency toward it. Hence, it is suggested that the occurrence of aggression will be controlled and minimized by relevant organizations. Given the higher tendency of adolescents and youth to this phenomenon, it is necessary for cultural organizations in the province of Yazd to establish such urban facilities as cinemas, amusement-scientific parks, libraries, academic centers, whereby increasing youth's interests to participate in acts and activities of sport and amusement. |