| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction and Objectives: Strawberry is a perennial plant that can be grown as an annual. Considering the effect of substrate and other environmental factors on strawberries, soilless cultivation can be used to reduce these factors. In order to evaluate different genotypes of strawberries, the use of morphological markers is useful for differentiating masses. Descriptors for the description and identification of strawberry cultivars were developed by the International :union: for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. Leaves, flowers and fruits are the most important morphological descriptors for identification of cultivars and wild species of strawberry. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the genetic diversity and identifying the relationships between domestic and foreign genotypes and clones.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in Mazandaran province Sari city from November 2020 to June 2021. Foreign cultivars were obtained from Kurdistan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center. The plants were grown in pots containing cocopeat and perlite (30:70 percent) and the cultivar comparison stage was carried out at Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources by examining genotypic and phenotypic diversity. The experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design in the hydroponic bed with 23 treatments including mother cultivars in 3 replications and daughter cultivars in 4 replications. Measurements were made on fertile plants. Some data such as growth habit, leaf mass density and growth strength based on the international descriptor and other traits such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf surface, number of single flowers, number of inflorescences, number of flowers, etc. were analyzed quantitatively.
Results: The studied genotypes were significantly different from each other in terms of reproductive and vegetative traits. The highest coefficient of genetic diversity was related to the number of fruits per plant, the number of flowers per plant and yield (more than 50% diversity), while a narrow range of diversity was seen in traits related to vegetative growth. The correlation results of the growth habit trait showed that the more upright the plant is, with a positive effect on the growth of the leaf components, it also leads to an improvement in the length and width of the lobe. Decomposition into factors was able to express the qualitative and quantitative traits evaluated in the form of several main factors. As the dominant cultivar of Mazandaran province, the Camarosa cultivar, along with Merk, Tan Beauty, Missionary and Queen Eliza cultivars, had positive vegetative growth and negative reproductive growth, however, the selected clone from Qaemshahr both in terms of vegetative growth and reproductive growth traits in the quarter The fourth and positive part was placed. The evaluated values for strawberry characteristics showed that the phenotypic variance is more than the genotypic variance, which indicates the influence of the environment. The maximum PCV and GCV were assigned to the plant yield (25.67, 67.65) followed by leaf area (92.38, 47.39). While high heritability was observed in leaf surface (97.3 percent), plant yield (35.95 %), number of flowers in inflorescence (59.90 %).
Conclusion: In total, very significant differences were observed for all studied traits, which indicates the presence of significant genetic diversity. The highest coefficient of genetic diversity was related to the number of fruits per plant, the number of flowers per plant and yield. The highest phenotypic diversity coefficient was the number of fruits per plant, the number of runners and the number of flowers per plant. High estimates of heritability were observed for leaf area, plant yield, number of flowers in inflorescence, leaf width, leaf length and number of single flowers. Also, according to the genetic distance between cultivars, it seems that more heterosis can be obtained by crossbreeding, and the progeny can be used as raw materials for breeding new cultivars. |