The Jazīra was a region between the Tigris (Dijlah) and Euphrates (Furāt) rivers. During the Buyid dynasty's (322-448) control over Baghdad in 334, this region was under the authority of the Ḥamdānids (293-394). After gaining control of Baghdad, Mu'izz al-Dawla engaged in numerous battles with Nasir al-Dawla Ḥamdāni and ultimately accepted the Ḥamdānids as governors (Wāliyān) of the Jazīra. The relationship between ʿIzz al-Dawla and the Ḥamdānids was friendly, but it was not free from conflict. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on primary historical and geographical texts, seeks to answer the question: How did the geography of the Jazīra influence the formation of the Buyid dynasty's dual policy toward the Ḥamdānids from 334 to 367? The findings indicate that the economic geography of the Jazīra led to a hostile policy between the Buyids and the Ḥamdānids. The Jazīra not only supplied food, provisions, and fodder to Baghdad but also sent high taxes to Baghdad, while the Ḥamdānids ruling the Jazīra sought independence from Baghdad. From a geopolitical perspective, the Jazīra served as a stronghold against the Roman Empire, the rulers of Sham (Syria), the Ikhshīdīyūns, and the Fāṭimids attempting to enter Baghdad, which facilitated a friendly policy between the Buyids and the Ḥamdānids.