Many medical and non-medical research laboratories around the world are constantly trying to produce an effective vaccine or antiviral medicine. Current medical knowledge of the world has made significant progress in line with the corona virus and cancer treatment. Meanwhile, many natural compounds found in cyanobacteria have attracted the attention of many physicians due to their durability and high reliability. Cyanobacteria are rich in bioactive compounds that exhibit diverse biological activities including anti-proliferative, cytotoxic and anti-neoplastic properties. Many of these compounds are currently being studied in clinical trials. In this review article, newly discovered bioactive compounds from different cyanobacteria species that have strong antiviral activity against respiratory infections and also compounds such as apratoxin, simplostatin 1, bartolosides, chylobolid, bisbromoamides, carmaphysins and anamides that have anticancer activity on numerous cancer cell lines are introduced. The studies show that currently, there are no clear guidelines on the approval of bioactive compounds derived from cyanobacteria for the treatment of diseases. Although the use of these compounds is not usually accompanied by side effects, more research should be focused on these compounds to increase their safety and effectiveness. In this review article, by studying the latest available articles, the effectiveness of natural compounds in cyanobacteria in the treatment of viral and cancer diseases is discussed.