| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Spatial plans try to propose a suitable and balanced distribution of population and activities such as industries and agriculture. Some of these plans in Iran specify this appropriate distribution through the creation of new cities (mostly residential) and industrial towns and delimitation of agricultural land. Urban plans (such as comprehensive and detailed plans) also try to prevent residential areas from interfering with other areas, especially agricultural lands, through the definition of boundary lines. However, this article tries to show that this separation (zoning) of uses is not the only possible and desirable approach. The proposal of the current research is to combine the uses at the scale of the house and the neighborhood. It has been mentioned before about the mixing of uses in the sense of establishing different uses in neighboring parts beside each other. But in this article, the combination of uses is defended, which means the simultaneous activity of residence, agriculture and industry in a piece of land. In other words, this article shows that if residential use is combined with workshop and agricultural spaces, it can create a more appropriate model in terms of economy and culture. The research method in the study was comparative and based on balancing with the Best Practice method.
For this purpose, examples of successful global experiences of integrating housing and agriculture as well as the integration of residence and industry will be reviewed, and while examining lessons for Iran, some presuppositions governing urban and regional policymaking in the current situation will be criticized.
The examples presented in this article offer an alternative idea to the common land use planning. In the common model with the slogan of economy of scale, industrial and agricultural uses are located in the form of centralized complexes, which has led to the separation of nature from the built environment, and with the large scale of lands and industries, the possibility of independent business and self-employment. It deprives the members of the society. In contrast, the proposal of the present research is that per capita employment and agriculture can be allocated to families in many cases and added to the area of the residential unit, so that firstly, people work alongside their families, and secondly, instead of working for others and being hired people, to be able to start a business independently. This proposal is proposed because some policy makers believe that there is a lack of land for the expansion of residential units. Even if such an assumption is true and there really is a lack of land, it is suggested that the land that is supposed to be considered for the creation and development of the industrial town should be combined with the residence in many industries that are compatible with the neighborhood.
Based on this, it is better if possible to hand over land to families instead of giving it to influential factory owners and big capitalists. The duty of the Islamic government is also in the same direction and the government is obliged to provide the necessary arrangements such as support for the knowledge system (against patents and commercialization of knowledge), preparing platforms for the appropriate distribution system, etc. in a way that according to Article 43 of the Constitution and work facilities for everyone in order to achieve full employment and provide work tools to all those who are able to work but do not have work tools" and "not to the concentration and circulation of wealth in the hands of certain individuals and groups, and not make the government an absolute big employer" to finally "prevent" by negating the dominance of capital owners from taking advantage of another's work" to be realized.
The proposed model in the current study includes productive housing units that are placed next to each other in the form of neighborhoods and form new bio-cities. In these units, technology and intelligence are used in the service of production and facilitating it, and family members can supply advanced industrial products that can compete with concentrated industries, and in addition, as a side activity and in their free time, they can produce agricultural and garden products. get busy. The distribution system is also defined in such a way that producers can directly offer their products in a market (daily or weekly) without intermediaries and without imposing space rent.
The findings show that presuppositions such as damage to food security in the case of combining housing and agriculture, economies of scale due to the creation of farms and large industries, the need to create a clear distinction between the lands within the urban limits and the surrounding lands (in terms of density, use and floors) are not absolute and universal. On the other hand, creating a productive house, which means a space that provides the possibility of residence and small and family businesses together, can increase social justice and prevent the monopoly of territorial facilities by companies with capital, reduce poverty, increase production, develop small cities and villages and ultimately balance in the spatial planning. |