| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction and Objective: In developing countries, especially with dry weather conditions, we are facing the problem of lack of animal feed, so the use of agricultural by-products, which are often processed for feeding in ruminants, can be used as an alternative or part of the diet. It also reduces animal feed costs. The reuse of agricultural waste in ruminant nutrition is one of the methods of managing agricultural waste, which also reduces the risks of environmental pollution. Tomato shoot obtained from tomato plant pruning in the greenhouses for growing and producing this valuable product is one of the major agricultural wastes, which due to its high volume of production can be considered as a part of ruminant feed. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutrient value of tomato shoot silage by in vitro techniqes as a substitute for a part of hay in ruminant feeding and also to determine the effect of bacterial additives on the quality of silage.
Material and Methods: Pruned tomato shoot in a greenhouse, which are part of agricultural waste, were collected from the industrial greenhouses of East Azerbaijan region and cut into 3 to 5 cm pieces and ensiled in a mini-silo. Microbial additives and amounts used in this experiment include 1- Bacterial additive with SiloLact brand, product of Fardis Roshd Mehrgan Company of Iran; containing Lactobacillus plantarium, Bacillus acidophilus, and dextrose monohydrate bacteria (106 colony-forming units were added per gram of fodder), 2- Enzymatic additive with the brand name enzymatic-SiloLact, produced by Fardis Roshd Mehrgan Company of Iran; Contains Lactobacillus plantarium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, cellulase enzyme, xylase and dextrose monohydrate (106 colony-forming units were added per gram of fodder) and 3- SilOne additive containing Lactobacillus buccaneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Pediococcus acidi lactici, it was at the rate of 1010 CFU/g along with multi-enzyme, which was mixed with water based on the amounts recommended by the manufacturer and added as a spray on chopped fodder. The experimental treatments include: 1- Pruned tomato shoot silage without additive 2- Pruned tomato shoot silage with enzymatic-siloLact additive 3- Pruned tomato shoot silage with non-enzymatic-SiloLact additive 4- Pruned tomato shoot silage with SilOne additive. It is necessary to explain that in the preparation of silage, three repetitions were considered for each treatment. Chemical compounds measured include dry matter, crude protein, ash, crude fat, neutral detergent fibers, acid detergent fiber and fermentation parameters including pH, volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, ammonia nitrogen, soluble carbohydrates, as well as measuring gas production and Digestibility was measured by in vitro Holden's method. This research was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design and the resulting data were analyzed with SAS software.
Results: The results obtained in the investigation of Pruned tomato shoot silage showed that the microbial additive SilOne and enzymatic-SiloLact had a significant effect on the pH of the silage compared to the control treatment. The Pruned tomato shoot ensiled with SilOne additive had more dry matter and crude protein than the control treatment. Additives of enzymatic-SiloLact and silovan reduced ADF compared to the control treatment. The amount of total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid increased in silage treatments with bacterial additive compared to the control treatment, but no significant difference was observed. Microbial addition of enzymatic-SiloLact and SilOne decreased the amount of ammonia nitrogen in silage compared to the control treatment. The highest volume of gas production was related to the treatments ensiled with enzymatic-SiloLact and SilOne at the final hours of the incubation, there was a significant difference (P<0.05). By examining metabolizable energy, net-Energy for lactation, digestible organic matter and short chain fatty acids of untreated and treated tomato shoot silage, it was found that processing by microbial additives had no effect on metabolizable energy, but net-Energy for lactation, digestible organic matter and Short chain fatty acids significantly affected (P<0.05). Microbial fermentation of enzymatic silolact and silovan reduced the amount of silage ammonia nitrogen compared to the control treatment. The highest volume of gas production was related to the treatments ensiled with enzyme silo lact and sylvan and in the final hours of the experiment, there was a significant difference with the control treatment (P<0.05). in-vitro digestibility, which was investigated by Holden's techniqe, also showed that microbial processing and additives have affected the disappearance of dry matter in the rumen and the total tract digestive system. Also, the disappearance of crude protein in the rumen was significantly affected, but the disappearance of crude protein in the total trct of digestive system was not affected.
Conclusion: At the end, it was found that bacterial additives had no effect on the digestibility of tomato plant silage. Due to the high production of tomato plant waste, this by-product can be used in ruminant feed, but it should be considered that due to the low level of soluble carbohydrates in the Pruned tomato shoot, to improve the quality of the silage, adding a other by-product that has high soluble carbohydret content should be examin. |