| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction and Objective: Chicken and eggs are one of the main foods and provide part of the protein needed by the people of the society. If this industry faces a challenge, then the health of society will face a challenge. Kerman province is one of the few provinces that has a complete chain of chicken meat production and is managed through Poultry Cooperative Company. Currently, this industry in Kerman province is facing many problems and dilemmas. In the present study, an attempt has been made to prioritize these problems and opportunities while identifying the problems and opportunities facing poultry farms in Kerman province.
Material and Methods: To collect primary data, a detailed questionnaire covering all research objectives was prepared and tested in advance through library studies. Data were collected through personal interview during 2020-2021. Limitations and opportunities in the production and marketing of the poultry industry were identified through consultation with experts who deal with this product, and a number of sample producers of the province's poultry farms, which were 25 people in total, were asked to rate the problems and opportunities. As a second step, the percentage positions of each rank were converted into scores using the table provided by Garrett and Woodworth (1969), and then for each factor, the scores of each respondent were added together and divided by the total number of respondents to obtain an average score. These average scores for all factors were sorted in descending order, constraints and opportunities were ranked accordingly, and the factor with the highest average score was considered as the most important constraint or opportunity in the respective category.
Results: According to the results, the first and most important limitation of production identified by poultry farmers is the high cost of inputs with an average score of 78.2. The second and third limitations are the lack of government support and the lack of required inputs, with average scores of 71.1 and 64.4, respectively. Since 70% of imported livestock inputs are imported from other countries through the allocation of government currency, eventually a black market is formed and the input is offered at a price different from the government rate. Therefore, producers are facing a serious problem in providing inputs and providing the required liquidity due to the increase in the price of inputs, and this issue reduces hatching. Another problem of the industry is that it is dealer-oriented, so dealers determine the fate of the production of this industry in the province. The exaggeration of brokers is not only limited to the market of agricultural products, but has also added the animal feed market to its territory. One of the main reasons for the lack of products in the market is the addition of intermediaries in the supply of animal feed. Also, the least important limitations were identified as inappropriate management methods with an average score of 20.3 and unfavorable weather conditions with an average score of 38.2. The most important production opportunities of the poultry industry in Kerman province are the population growth and increase in demand with an average score of 78.1, availability of land with an average score of 67.5, and abundance of labor with an average score of 60.1. On the other hand, the abundance of inputs, the government's support and encouragement policies, and the granting of loans and credits by relevant institutions, were respectively introduced as the least important opportunities from the point of view of producers. The most important marketing limitations are, respectively, the presence of intermediaries with an average score of 71.6, the instability of the product price with an average score of 70.3, and the low price of the product with an average score of 69.5. As it was said, one of the most important problems of the poultry industry is that it is broker-oriented, and the brokers were identified as determining the fate of the production of this industry in the province. The strong presence of intermediaries can be seen both in the agricultural products market and in the animal feed market. The increase and fluctuation of the product price is also the result of the presence of brokers in this sector. The least important restrictions were introduced as low consumer demand with an average score of 20.7 and low product quality with an average score of 22.5. Continuous demand for products with an average score of 71.6, access to the market with an average score of 61.5, and access to transportation facilities with an average score of 55.8 are the most important marketing opportunities of the poultry industry in Kerman province, respectively. On the other hand, the existence of factories and conversion industries and the government's policy on agricultural commercialization and major emphasis on the livestock sector were identified as the least important opportunities from the producers' point of view.
Conclusion: TThe results showed that the most important production limitations of meat poultry farms in Kerman city are high cost and lack of inputs. The most important items used in poultry feed (corn and soybean meal) are imported from other countries through government currency allocation. Unfortunately, the input required by the producers is not fully provided and finally the input is supplied at a price different from the government rate. Undoubtedly, failure to pay attention to solving the problem of timely provision of livestock inputs for poultry farmers or lack of proper pricing will cause heavy losses to the broiler industry in the city, and poultry farmers will no longer have the ability to produce and hatch the requested chicks, and this issue will reduce production and, as a result, increase It will follow the consumer price. Supervision of the government and regulatory bodies on the purchase and supply of livestock inputs to producers, Eliminating intermediaries through the formation of a cooperative company, providing specialized consulting services to producers and breeders through public and private training centers, and monitoring the supply of fuel are among the suggestions of the present study. |