| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Wedding poems or vasunks are one of the branches of oral literature that express the customs of marriage in poetry. Through this poetry, the social, cultural and linguistic issues of different people are discussed. In this research, which is field study and library study, an attempt has been made to analyze the vasunks of Warak village of Kazrun city in Fars province by using the ethnographic model of Hymes (1968) to determine and explain the culture and custom of this region. These Vasunak gatherd by conversation and interview with 10 native speakers (40 to 80-year-old). Based on the theory of this research, these data analyzed by SPEAKING model which include setting, participants, end, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms and genre. Which can be explained by Difference Model in gender studies. In addition, two cultural images can be retrieved from these songs. First king and queen image. Bride and bridegroom imagined like king and queen. Second, ecological factors like animals and plants play important role in these songs. Quantitative data analysis also shows the importance of wedding ceremony in this linguistic community and most of the poems are related to the wedding ceremony itself. Although these poems are used before and after the ceremony. Another important point in the quantitative analysis of the poems is related to the description of the groom and the happiness of the groom's family in the ceremony, which can be a representation of the patriarchal system in this linguistic society. Introduction Oral literature is an important part of the cultural heritage of any nation, which has a wide scope. This literary tradition is very old and rich in our culture and reflects various social, cultural, ethnic, linguistic, etc. issues. The customs related to marriage and the reflection of its happiness in the poems are one of the important parts of oral literature, which, like other fields, are important in representing the culture and customs of different regions. "Public songs are the source of many manifestations and human thoughts and express the history, culture and living thoughts of people who express their feelings in a completely obvious and untouched way" (Zulfaqari, 2014: 64). Warak village, one of the functions of Kazeroon city, Fars province, has culture and customs that can be studied from different angles; Among these customs is the marriage ceremony, which represents the cultural interactions and social norms governing the society of Warak village. For this purpose, the purpose of this research is to find out some of its social and cultural characteristics by analyzing the sources of this village and to take a small step towards preserving this sub-culture. Therefore, the following questions are raised in this research: 1-What customs related to the traditional society of Wark village are represented in the language based on Hymes' idea? 2- How are these poems culturally and natively explained by Angareh Hymes? Research method This research has been done by field and library method. First, the local dialects of Warak village were collected through the direct observation of one of the writers in the existing social context, as well as conversations and interviews with 10 native speakers (40 to 80 years old). The number of Vasunks was 86, of which about 31 were Avanuis; Because most of these expressions were close to the standard and understandable language; There was no need to translate it; But the cases that were far from the standard language have been explained. After that, it was analyzed using the ethnographic approach of Himes (1968) and library sources. Discussion The social norms governing the traditional society of Warak village in the matter of marriage and related customs show that in the description of the groom, gender stereotypes such as bravery, strength, skill in shooting and providing for the expenses of the wife and the wedding expenses can be traced. On the other hand, the poems that describe the bride and her family mostly contain the gender stereotypes of the attractiveness and charm of the bride and the crying and sadness of her and her family. Two prominent images can be seen in the cultural explanation of these vases; The first image is the image of the king and queen, where the bride and groom are treated like the king and queen. The second image is the images of animals and plants in these poems, which shows the importance of environmental issues in this culture, which is represented in these poems. In Wasonk discourse, the participants are generally women, who are divided into two main groups, i.e. representatives of the bride's and groom's families, and the tone of the discourse, its purpose, and the type of language change accordingly. In the poems that are read by the bride's family, the sad tone and the purpose is often to express the longings of the bride and her family, and on the contrary, in the poems that are read by the groom's family, the happy tone and the purpose is often to express the joy of the groom reaching his goal and desire; Accordingly, the language of this type of participants is different. Conclusion As it was observed, Vasunks have the capacity to represent native culture. In this research, an attempt was made to ethnograph these Wasunks and examine them using SPEAKING Hymes. In Wasonk discourse, the participants are generally women, who are divided into two main groups, i.e. representatives of the bride's and groom's families, and the tone of the discourse, its purpose, and the type of language change accordingly. In the poems that are read by the bride's family, the sad tone and the purpose is often to express the longings of the bride and her family, and on the contrary, in the poems that are read by the groom's family, the happy tone and the purpose is often to express the joy of the groom reaching his goal and desire; Accordingly, the language of this type of participants is different. The popular concepts and beliefs that are reproduced in this way, in response to the first question of the research, are a kind of representation of the social norms governing the traditional society of Warak village in the matter of marriage and related customs. Based on this, gender stereotypes such as courage, strength, skill in shooting and providing for the wife's expenses and wedding expenses can be found in the poems that describe the groom. On the other hand, the poems that describe the bride and her family mostly contain the gender stereotypes of the attractiveness and charm of the bride and the crying and discomfort of her and her family, which reinforces the idea of the difference that men and women grow up in different subcultures. Therefore, different behaviors and traits are expected from them. In addition to the above, in the cultural explanation of these figures (the second question of the research), it can be stated that the cultural scheme that can be seen in most of these figures is the scheme of the king and the queen. The components of this image, which is having a throne, can be seen in most of these vases; The son-in-law is addressed either as a king or as a prince (example 9, 24). It seems that addressing the son-in-law as Shadomad or Prince of Domad is related to this schema and has almost become a dead metaphor in Iranian culture. The agate throne, which is specific to the image of kings, can be seen in example (24). The royal robe (example 4) also completes this pattern. The image of the queen is also used for the bride in examples (11) and (31) (pearl necklaces) and example (9) (blowing the wind with a bunch of basil). One of the other essentials of this image is a palace-like house that is present in example (19) (clay and half-clay of gold). Another native thing that has been reflected in these poems is the use of plants and animals in these poems, which in a way reflects the life of the people of this region and their connection with nature. (See Hosseini and Zarei Fard, 1400). The word flower (example 1, 8, 18), henna (example 5), bunch of basil (example 26), spring rain (example 28), river (example 21), kerza piaz (example 19) in these poems relate the life of the people of this region to natural factors. And it shows the environment well. A quantitative analysis of the data also shows the importance of wedding ceremonies in this language society and to some extent a representation of the patriarchal system. From the situational aspect, the ceremony itself has the highest frequency in these poems (54%). In terms of participants, the groom's family is at the top (62%). After that, the goal of the groom's appearance and the happiness of the groom's family is one of the most important goals. (about 50% of all cases). In order of discourse, the discourse of the wedding party is at the top (36%). Finally, the happy and admiring tone has the highest frequency. (about 74%). which shows the importance of praise and admiration in this linguistic community. 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