| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Lyrical poems are one of the most popular literary types because they contain many poetic themes that are connected with feelings and emotions. In this research, by analytical-descriptive method, by referring to documents and library sources, one thousand nine hundred and thirteen pieces of children's and teenagers' poems written from 1390 to the end of 1399 were studied. used, the methods and functions of the lyrical type of literature were investigated in order to answer the question that this type of literature can be divided into subtypes in the poems of children and teenagers? The result obtained is that the poems of children and teenagers of the nineties have the capacity to be classified in more detailed categories and with newer titles by adopting a detail-oriented approach. In other words, lyrical literary type can be divided into other subtypes and not remain as a general type. Introduction In order to continue living in the universe, humans need to meet their spiritual and emotional needs in addition to taking care of their vital needs. The collection of these emotions led to the creation of works (poetry and prose) called lyrical literature. "Lyric poetry in literary terms is a poem that is related to the poet's personal feelings and emotions, hence a wide range of poetic meanings and themes such as love, emigration, connection, youth, old age, death, birth, praise, satire, complaint, mysticism It includes patriotism, slander, obituary, drunkenness, imprisonment, fraternity and other literary techniques such as riddles, puzzles, history material, debates, braggadocio, riotous cities, etc. "(Rastegar Fasai, 1993: 165) Lyrical literature, which is expressed in two ways, emotional poems and romantic poems, includes works that are directly derived from the inner emotions and motivations of the poet or writer; Therefore, the description of these feelings is the purpose and application of this category of works. Although lyrical poetry is rooted in personal feelings, it cannot be said that it is a purely personal poem, but by looking at all the angles of society, we can understand the fact that lyrical poetry is a social poem that includes all the people of human societies. In other words, there is a mutual bond between the poet and society; The poet is influenced by the society, and the society also affects the development of the poet's taste, taste and talent. Literary types include topics that are expressed in poetry or prose in special formats and based on specific rules. In the meantime, the lyrical literary type has always been favored and has a special place due to the wide range of themes and their connection with human emotions and feelings. This research sought to find answers to the following questions: - What topics and themes make up the content of children's and teenagers' lyrical poems? - Do the themes of lyric poems have the ability to be introduced as smaller genres? - What methods and functions are there in the lyrical poems of children and teenagers? - How is the frequency of each theme in lyric literature? 2- Research Methodology In this research, based on library sources and two analytical-descriptive and quantitative methods, the lyrical literary type in children's and teenagers' poetry was investigated. The statistical population of the research, 200 volumes of books containing 1913 pieces of poetry from sixty poets, were examined, of which 1295 were dedicated to lyrical themes. In the descriptive analysis section, which includes the largest section, the poems in question were examined according to the constituent components of the lyrical literary type. In the quantitative section, the subjects and themes of the poems were classified and the frequency of use of each theme was The diagram was shown. in such a way that: All the selected works were carefully studied several times The characteristics of each poem such as subject, theme, tone, aspect were identified Hypertext functions were introduced Topics and themes of children's and teenagers' poems were discussed The frequency of each theme was shown through statistical data in the table and graph And. The results of the studies were stated. Discussion Man is a creature full of different emotions. Emotions that can act as a driving force when they appear, create motivation and creativity, and ultimately create the ability to do work in a person. Lyrical poems are one of the most effective and popular literary types because they contain many poetic themes that are connected with feelings and emotions. This type of poems can be seen in children's and teenagers' literature, with different language, tone, words and topics from adults. Considering the mental and age conditions of their audience, poets look at emotions, pains, sorrows, joys, etc. from a different angle and try to compose according to their wishes and concerns. they are This group of poems express various emotional states that arise in a person due to reasons such as mental and physical conditions, personal, family and social problems and play an important role in controlling and reducing anger, emotions. They have sadness and emotional tensions and nervous pressures. The mental capacities of children and adolescents are not the same as adults, and each group should be spoken to with their own special language and expression. in the field of children and adolescents; There are two categories of poems written in the lyrical genre: Poems that talk about the feelings of objects and other animals using imaginary images such as diagnosis, life, etc., 2. Poems that are related to human feelings and emotions. In total, the most lyrical themes in children's and teenagers' poems are: Descriptions including; Seasons, landscapes, nature (spring, river, snow, rain, wind, mud, cloud, fog, sky, earth, mountain, desert, plain, sun, morning, night, sunset, fruits, animals, etc.). Prayer book including; Prayer, praise, prayer, thanksgiving, meditation on divine attributes, etc. Shaadiname includes; Poems that have an aspect of entertainment and joy, such as games, stories, crafts, paintings, chistans, jokes, parties, birthdays, weddings, etc. Poetic moments, lullabies, patriotism, fear, anxiety, anticipation, confusion and amazement, hope and desire, loneliness and... poets and writers of lyric poems; They describe various emotions in their poems and writings so that they can free children and teenagers from the pressure of positive or negative emotions and emotions that they are unable to express. Conclusion As can be seen in this type of literature, emotional and romantic themes are 63.45%, eulogies 45.46%, descriptions 14.44%, eulogies 48.5%, supplications 4.78%, laments 77.2% each, and manqbats 62%. 2% of all the poems have been assigned to themselves. In the analysis of the stated content and the data of the graph, it can be said: Children need to express their inner feelings and emotions more than anything else. Poetry acts as a helpful tool so that children and teenagers can find their dreams and feelings in it and see the signs of sadness, happiness, anger, fear, hatred, love, etc. in themselves; Know their various emotions and be able to control some, stabilize some and keep others away. Knowing about this, poets choose words and sentences, and by doing this, they reduce negative emotions and strengthen positive emotions in the audience, and finally, they can have a good effect on the psyche of children and teenagers. let them In general, the achievement obtained from the study of Iranian children's and teenagers' poems with the approach of lyrical literary type; It means that: It is futile to include literary works in general classifications; Because it both limits the research scope of researchers and researchers and is an obstacle on the way of those works that have the ability to be a literary genre, but must be forced to be a subgenre of a more general genre. The themes that fall under the lyrical literary genre have the capacity to appear in a new literary genre. For example, a lament or a complaint, each can be a subgenre of a larger genre and even a smaller genre itself. The inclusion of works in a smaller literary genre allows researchers to more accurately define literary genres based on criteria such as "content, structure, facet, function, context, audience, intertextual relationships, etc." describe In today's world, a new and appropriate look at old frequent themes has led to the emergence of types of lyrical literature, which can lead to the emergence of other types of lyrical literature in the future of Persian poetry. References Alavifard, Y. (2017). The Meaning of Sparrow, Qom: Daar al-Hadith Scientific and Cultural Institute, Shabnam Publishing Organization. Baghinejad, A., Baba Salar, A.A. (2018). "Rhetoric link and descriptive dimensions in the poems of eight children's poets", Persian literature magazine, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 103-119. Baktash, Q.R. (2012). I see with my two eyes, Tehran: Center for Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents. Davari, Z. (2014). 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