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Cell Journal، جلد ۱۶، شماره Suppl ۱، صفحات ۴۸-۴۸
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عنوان انگلیسی Ps-16: Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells (VSELs): Characteristics, Functions and Regenerative Applications
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Objective: Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) are a group of recently-identified pluripotent stem cells (PSC) which are closely-related to the epiblast-derived migrating primordial germ cells-like cells. These stem cells (SCs) are age-dependent in content, and proved to play a crucial role in rejuvenation and longevity. In this study, we reviewed a number of research articles which have led to identification, isolation and clinical applications of these highly potential SCs.Materials and Methods: There have been employed various molecular techniques for VSEL studies such as flow cytometric assay to sort VSELs from other bone marrow-derived (BM-derived) nucleated cells, cell culture for VSEL-DS formation, carrier chromatin- immunopercipitation (Carrier-ChIP) to evaluate the structure of oct4 promoter, bisulfite sequencing and combined bisulfite-restriction analysis (COBRA) to evaluate DNA methylation of promoters, RT-PCR, RQ-PCR, Immunocytochemistry and final statistical analysis. Results: VSELs were isolated from immunofluorescent BM-derived nucleated cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and measured in size using bead particles with standard diameters. Bisulfite sequencing results revealed the hypomethylated status and therefore transcriptionally active oct4 and nanog promoter in VSELs. Moreover, studies on the unique genomic imprinting patterns indicate a quiescent transcriptome of VSELs. RQ-PCR analysis shows a high level of expression for DNA methylation regulators like dnmts in VSELs. In addition, studies on VSEL-DSs indicate the gradual loss of pluripotentiality during the formation of VSEL-DSs. Conclusion: In conclusion, molecular studies revealed that bone marrow harbors a population of oct4+ nanog+ SSEA1+ sca1+ lin- CD45- CXCR4+ SCs that serve as an age-dependent backup of PSCs in adult tissues for later-differentiation into monopotent tissue committed stem cells during clinical emergencies. Controlled by epigenetic reprogramming of parentallyimprinted genes, VSELs are regulated to resist to insulin/ insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway which maintains their normal quiescent status. However, in several emergency situations VSELs are activated and mobilized into peripheral blood contributing to tissue/ organ regeneration. Recently, VSELs are considered as potential SCs in regenerative medicine for clinical employment. Albeit controversial in their isolation strategies, VSELs are worth investigating to discover their potential role in longevity and rejuvenation.
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نشانی اینترنتی http://celljournal.org/journal/article/abstract/342
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