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Cell Journal، جلد ۱۳، شماره Supplement، صفحات ۰-۰
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عنوان انگلیسی I-20: Human Term Placenta-Derived Cells: From First Studies to the State of the Art
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Recent years have seen considerable advances in our knowledge regarding the properties of human term placenta-derived cells (PDCs). Interest in the placenta as a possible stem cell source comes from at least two key considerations. Firstly, since placental tissues develop early in gestation, with the fetal membranes originating before gastrulation, it is possible that cells of these tissues retain some degree of stemness characteristic of early embryological cells from which they derive. Secondly, considering the key role of placenta in modulating the maternal immune response against the fetus during pregnancy (fetomaternal tolerance), it is conceivable that PDCs may have immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, placental tissues are easily procured, and their use provokes no ethical controversy. Several researchers have isolated and characterized different PDC types which harbor properties of stem/ progenitor cells [e.g. amniotic epithelial cells and amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells from the amniotic membrane (AM)], and these cell populations are very heterogeneous. Interestingly, PDCs display multi-lineage differentiation ability in vitro, and can undergo differentiation and trans-differentiation pathways in vivo. Furthermore, PDCs also display little or no immunogenicity and interesting immunomodulatory properties. We have shown that AM-derived cells in vitro induce no allogeneic T-cell response, and actively suppress T-cell proliferation induced by alloantigens or by a mitogenic stimulus. Moreover, we demonstrated that PDCs can block differentiation and maturation of monocytes into dendritic cells by impairing the allostimulatory ability of these cells on allogeneic T cells. After transplantation into newborn swine and rats, we observed that fetal membrane-derived cells can successfully engraft longterm in several organs, without evidence of inflammation or rejection, indicating active tolerance of these cells. Besides these important properties, PDCs also secrete numerous cytokines and other soluble factors associated with functions including immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effects. PDC-based therapeutic approaches which take Cell Journal(Yakhteh), Vol 13, Suppl 2, Spring 2011 13 Abstracts of the 2nd National and 1st Int. Congress on "Cellular and Molecular Advances in Non-Contagious Diseases" advantage of these properties have been investigated in animal models of different diseases, with encouraging results. In animal models of Parkinson’s disease and stroke, PDCs have been shown to offer neuroprotection and functional recovery. Similarly, PDCs produced significant improvement in hindlimb motor function in spinal cord-injured rats. Meanwhile, our group focuses mainly on application of PDCs for treating pathologies related to inflammatory and fibrotic mechanisms. We have demonstrated that transplantation of either allogeneic or xenogeneic fetal membrane-derived cells reduces lung fibrosis in bleomycin-challenged mice. Furthermore, considering that AM has long been used as a surgical material due to its anti-inflammatory, antiscarring and wound healing properties, we investigated the potential of AM fragments in innovative treatments, with successful outcomes observed. Indeed, we showed a human AM fragment applied as a patch onto ischemic rat hearts significantly reduces post-ischemic cardiac injury. Similarly, AM fragments applied as patches onto the liver surface of rats with bile duct ligation caused a reduction in fibrosis severity and progression. In all of these studies, donor cells were rare or absent in host tissues, suggesting that PDCs might exert reparative effects mainly through release of yet unknown paracrine factors. Together, these results warrant further study of PDCs toward their utilization in future tissue regenerative and reparative applications.
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نشانی اینترنتی http://celljournal.org/journal/article/abstract/1503
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