| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Field-based evaluation of growth habits in wheat genotypes Introduction: The cold resistance in wheat cultivars that been controlled with compatibility procedure to environment such as vernalization requirement and photoperiod reaction, has been factors for success in cold regions. Vernalization requirement and photoperiod response of bread wheat cultivars are often determined using controlled environments. However, use of controlled conditions may reduce the applicability of results for predicting field performance as well as increase the cost of evaluations. Thus, knowledge of phenotypic diversity the genetic factors influencing growth and flowering patterns in breeding new varieties is essential in certain environments. Material and Methods: 98 lines and cultivars of commercial Iranian bread wheat were studied in the field of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran. These genotypes were evaluated under field conditions using two natural photoperiod regimes (from different transplanting dates) and vernalization pre-treatments (1) that carried out in observation experiment with three replications in spring 2014. Pre-treatment was included the placement of germinated seeds at 2-4°C for 60 days. Characteristics consist of final leaf number (FLN)(3), days to heading, spike length and growth type in seedling. Clustering of these genotypes was performed (based on Between Group Linkage methods and Square Euclidean Distance measurement with SAS software). Results and Disscusion: The results showed a significant difference on all traits in vernalization treatment. Instead of, planting date was not significantly affect on traits exception the number of days to flowering. Based on cluster analysis, genotypes like as Gaspard, Baran, C-86-5, Zarea, Rasad, Sabalan, Sardari, Mihan, Soisons, Gaskogen, Homa, Sween 220, Omid, Karim, Pishgam, MV-17 and C-85-3 belong to winter group. Genotypes such as Bezostaya, Ohadi, Karaj3, Tabasi, Navid, Mahooti, Shahriar, Orom, C-86-6, Zarin, Toos, Alvand, Rooshan, C-85-D8 and C-85-6 classified as facultative group. these results similar to Ramazani et al., 2015 b. The others were spring. In this way, the most Iranian cultivars of bread wheat were spring habit type (69%) with least vernalization requirement, about 16.5% were winter and about 14.5% were facultative. Conclusion: Based on this research, it can be concluded that Iranian bread wheat genotypes are normally belong to spring type and their vernalization requirement is minimal. Winter genotypes included 17 genotypes (about 16.5%), interspecific cultivars including 15 genotypes (about 14.5%) and spring group with 72 genotypes, covering about 69% of genotypes. Keywords: Cluster analysis, Days to heading, Final leaf number, Growth type, Triticum aestivum L. References 1- Herndl, M., White, J. W., Hunt, L. A., Graeff, S., and Laupein, W. C. 2008. Field-based evaluation of vernalization requirement, photoperiod response and earliness per se in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field Crops Research, 105: 193–201. 2- Ramazani, S. H. R., Ebrahimi, M., Ghazvini, H., Jalal Kamali, M. R., and Izadi-Darbandi. A. 2015 b. Growth habit and vernalization requirement in some of Iranian bread wheat cultivars. Biological Forum– An International Journal, 7(1): 1360-1368 3- Wang, S. Y., Richard, W. W., Ritchie, J. T., Fischer R. A., and Schulthess, U. 1995. Vernalization in wheat. II. Genetic variability for the interchangeability of plant age and vernalization duration. Field Crops Research, 44: 67-72. |