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جغرافیا و پایداری محیط، جلد ۶، شماره ۲۰، صفحات ۵۵-۶۷
عنوان فارسی بررسی راهکارهای سازهای و غیر سازهای مدیریت پایدار منابع آب دشت همدان-بهار
چکیده فارسی مقاله منابع تامین‌کننده آب شرب شهر همدان شامل سدّ اکباتان و منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت همدان - بهار است. با توجّه به بحران آب موجود در منطقه، در این پژوهش، امکان تأمین آب شرب شهر در افق­های زمانی میان‌مدّت (سال 1410) و بلندمدّت (سال 1430) بررسی شده است. برای این منظور، اقدام به مدل‌سازی سیستم منابع و مصارف حوضه سدّ اکباتان و منبع زیرزمینی تأمین‌کننده آب شرب به کمک نرم‌افزار ویپبا استفاده از آمار 40 ساله گردید. ابتدا شرایط واقعی مصارف و منابع حوضه آبریز در شرایط فعلی و دو حالت برداشت آب غیرمجاز و مجاز از منبع آب زیرزمینی مدل شد. نتایج نشان داد که در وضع برداشت مجاز آب از منابع زیرزمینی، مقادیر کمبود سالانه آب شرب همدان حدود 8/2% است. همچنین این مقدار در سایر بخش­های مصرفی در محدوده مجاز قرار گرفت. سپس با داشتن مصارف سرانه و برآورد جمعیّت شهری در افق­های زمانی مذکور، ابتدا میزان تقاضای آب شرب محاسبه و با ثابت در نظر گرفتن تقاضای آبی در سایر بخش­ها، مدل‌سازی حوضه آبریز در افق­های زمانی تحقیق انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج، شهر همدان با منابع آب و روند رشد جمعیّت موجود، در سال‌های 1410 و 1430 به ترتیب با 6/19% و 3/34% کمبود مواجه خواهد شد. با توجّه به ثابت بودن منابع آب و کمبودهای قابل توجّهی که در افق­های تحقیق به دست آمد، جهت مقابله با این کمبودها، با مدیریت عرضه و تقاضا، راهکارهای سازه­ای و غیر سازه­ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که راهکارهای سازه­ای به تنهایی پاسخگو نبوده و ضروری است که در کنار راهکار سازه­ای، راهکارهای غیر سازه­ای به عنوان راهکار پایدار و اثرگذار ملاک عمل قرار گیرد.
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عنوان انگلیسی Studying the Structural and Non-structural Solutions for Sustainable Water resources Management of Hamedan-Bahar Plainn
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Ekbatan Dam and groundwater resources in Hamedan-Bahar plain are the main suppliers of drinking water in Hamedan city. The aim of this study is to evaluate drinking water supply in the medium-term time horizons (1410) and long term (1430). Therefore, resource system, consumption area of Ekbatan dam and underground provider  are modeled by WEAP using 40-year-old statistics. calibrating the findings, the actual conditions of use and watershed resources in the current situation (in 1391) and both unauthorized and authorized the withdrawal of underground water source were modeled. The results showed that water shortage of Hamedan is around 2.8% annually. Having per capita expenditure per person as well as the urban population estimated in the aforesaid period, at first, the demand for drinking water is calculated. Then, considering water demand to be constant in other sectors, water demand was modeled. The results showed that about 19.6% and 34. 4% in 1410 and 1430 respectively face water shortage. The situation was almost the same in other sectors. Due to constant water resources and significant deficiencies in the research horizons, respectively, structural and non-structural solutions and their effects were tested. However, it was observed that structural measures alone are not helpful. That is why non-structural solutions on side structural solutions were proposed and examined. Extended Abstract 1-Introduction  As Iran is located in the arid and semi-arid region, it has an increasing population rate and developing irrigation and industry sectors, it has faced water scarcity. (Mohie and Moussa, 2016) and (Xue et. al., 2015) have applied the WEAP model including some scenarios to analyze water resources scarcity in long term periods. These scenarios are considered as new irrigation methods, modifying crop pattern and water distribution networks and changing water allocation policy. (Samboum et. al., 2015), (Hollerman et. al., 2010) and (Mehta et. al., 2015) added the effects of climate changes on water resources scenarios to previous ones. Hafezparast and Fatemi, (2016) investigated water and water basin sustainability indexes to evaluate the water scarcity in the Gamasiab water sub basin using WEAP model. They stated the best scenario is calculated by multi criteria decision making approach. Ekbatan Dam and groundwater resources in Hamedan-Bahar plain are the main suppliers of drinking water. The aim of this study is to evaluate the drinking water supply in medium-term time horizons (1410) and long term (1430) using WEAP model. 2- Materials and Methods In order to simulate water resources and consumption in the Ekbatan water basin, the data during the period from 1973 to 2012 were used and modeled by WEAP model. In this study five water management scenarios were used as following: Increasing of population rate, increasing of irrigation efficiency, using water transfer out of water sub-basin, reducing the loss of water supply network and adjusting of per capita consumption. Moreover, three operating rules are considered in Ekbatan reservoir system including allocating the available water to any water users, minimizing the water deficit and flood risk and finally managing the environmental resources. The amount of environmental flow requirement in downstream of reservoirs are considered by Montana method (1976). Data calibration in WEAP model has been done by trial and error. As, Ekbatan dam has operated in 1963 and there were none hydrometric stations in the downstream, observed and calculated storage capacity in each periods were used to model for calibration. 3- Results and Discussion After applying the structural scenarios 2031, there was no significant water deficit on water user sectors, but due to increasing of water consumptions in 2051, it overpassed the limitation. So that other scenarios would be considered able enough to overcome this difficulty. By adding the non-structural scenarios to structural scenarios, all water users would be supplied in 2031 and 2051. 4- Conclusion The present study aims to present sustainable management of water resources in Ekbatan water basin. Therefore, current situation of the water basin and short-term and long-term water resources and consumption have been modeled. The structural and non-structural scenarios are defined to supply any water demands.  Due to constant water resources and significant deficiencies in the research horizons, respectively structural solutions were initially provided. However, it was observed that structural measures alone are not helpful. That's why non-structural solutions and their effects on side structural solutions were proposed and examined
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نویسندگان مقاله سید احسان فاطمی | seyed ehsan
استادیار مهندسی آب، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه رازی (Razi university)

علی بهراملو |
کارشناس ارشد مهندسی آب، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، ایران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه رازی (Razi university)

محمدحسین ادیب راد | mohammad hossein
استادیار مهندسی آب، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، ایران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه رازی (Razi university)

نشانی اینترنتی http://ges.razi.ac.ir/article_631_36117beb4cfe5c3a1ae8b38341401b85.pdf
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