| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Islamic city is the city of virtue, devotion, guidance, safety, justice and manifestation of monotheism. Studying this land and being impressed by it is of paramount importance. Nowadays the issue is that most Islamic traditions have been neglected in the society. The influence of theological and religious values on the construction and development of urban spaces are much more important. The city is built based on worldview and the highest occupation and possession happens according to Islamic beliefs and values. Studies show that collective rituals have always been linked to the city and its spaces. In the present study an attempt was made in order to define the Islamic city and its requirements and investigate the role of spaces related to rituals and religious ceremonies held in commemoration of Muharram through a case study of Timcheh Mozaffarieh in Tabriz Baazar. In investigating the theoretical studies a descriptive- analytical method and for the sample survey-analysis was applied. Data collection was done through interviewing the experts and scholars in religion, library study of the theories and definitions on the subject and field study (questionnaire). The present study is the result of comprehensive investigation of the role of spaces related to the rituals in an Islamic city with an emphasis on holding Muharram in Timcheh Mozaffarieh in Tabriz. In the theoretical studies section, the Islamic city and its requirement was defined and the philosophy behind Muharram mourning ceremonies in the viewpoint of scholars and Imams was studied. . In investigating the theoretical studies a descriptive- analytical method and for the sample survey-analysis was applied. It was done through collecting data by interviewing the scolars of religion and library study of the theories and definitions on the subject. Data was collected using a field study (questionnaire, observation and field work) and SPSS software. Then the data was analyzed using different tests. 61 questionnaires including 16 questions with 5 value rates (very low, low, average, high, very high) and one descriptive question were distributed among 5 groups including: (a) 20 people participating in ceremonies, (b) 14 businessmen in downstairs of Timcheh, (c) 6 businessmen in upstairs of Timcheh, (d) 11 heads of mourning groups, and (e) Islamic Development Staff and police. Normal distribution of variables' scores was analyzed by kolmogorov- smirnov test. In order to evaluate the role of Muharram ceremonies in keeping Timcheh Mozaffarieh alive in people's memories from the view point of different groups, ANOVA was applied. Also, Kruskal-Wallis test, one-sample t-test, and Binomial test ware utilized. In Iran as an Islamic country, there have been many various religious rituals and ceremonies throughout history and even in its current geographic area and it is characterized by the Shiite- Islamic and national (ethnic) features such as mourning ceremonies for the leader of martyrs in Muharram. In the studied case ( Timcheh Mozaffarieh in Tabriz Baazar) it was also observed that many people from most of the groups (people participating in ceremonies, businessmen in downstairs of Timcheh, businessmen in upstairs of Timcheh, heads of mourning groups, Islamic Development Staff and police) agree upon holding the five-day mourning ceremony in Timcheh Mozaffarieh in Tabriz Baazar despite of some problems, since it has been held there for about a century and transferring it to another place will damage its glory. The reason we have observed in the obtained results and findings is the sense of belonging and attachment to this place after years of holding many ceremonies in this place and the memories people have of it in their minds which are part of their lives. Another reason is the identity that holding Muharram ceremonies have given to this place through all these years. Therefore, identity along with memorable and repeatable events reinforces the potential of this place. According to the obtained results, most of people in 5 groups have agreed upon holding Ashura and Tasua mourning ceremonies in Timcheh Mozaffarieh in Tabriz Baazar which gives a special identity and fame to this place, and provides a sense of belonging to it. However, there are some problems in holding these ceremonies and an attempt was made to solve them by studying the problems and suggesting some solutions and also try to maintain the originality and durability of this precious place, which is due to holding special rituals and mourning ceremonies in Muharram, by inviting participants in these ceremonies, heads of mourning groups and businessmen in Timcheh to help. . Data was collected using a field study (questionnaire, observation and field work) and SPSS software. Then the data was analyzed using different tests. 61 questionnaires including 16 questions with 5 value rates (very low, low, average, high, very high) and one descriptive question were distributed among 5 groups including: (a) 20 people participating in ceremonies, (b) 14 businessmen in downstairs of Timcheh, (c) 6 businessmen in upstairs of Timcheh, (d) 11 heads of mourning groups, and (e) Islamic Development Staff and police. Normal distribution of variables' scores was analyzed by kolmogorov- smirnov test. In order to evaluate the role of Muharram ceremonies in keeping Timcheh Mozaffarieh alive in people's memories from the view point of different groups, ANOVA was applied. Also, Kruskal-Wallis test, one-sample t-test, and Binomial test ware utilized. In Iran as an Islamic country, there have been many various religious rituals and ceremonies throughout history and even in its current geographic area and it is characterized by the Shiite- Islamic and national (ethnic) features such as mourning ceremonies for the leader of martyrs in Muharram. In the studied case ( Timcheh Mozaffarieh in Tabriz Baazar) it was also observed that many people from most of the groups (people participating in ceremonies, businessmen in downstairs of Timcheh, businessmen in upstairs of Timcheh, heads of mourning groups, Islamic Development Staff and police) agree upon holding the five-day mourning ceremony in Timcheh Mozaffarieh in Tabriz Baazar despite of some problems, since it has been held there for about a century and transferring it to another place will damage its glory. The reason we have observed in the obtained results and findings is the sense of belonging and attachment to this place after years of holding many ceremonies in this place and the memories people have of it in their minds which are part of their lives. Another reason is the identity that holding Muharram ceremonies have given to this place through all these years. Therefore, identity along with memorable and repeatable events reinforces the potential of this place. According to the obtained results, most of people in 5 groups have agreed upon holding Ashura and Tasua mourning ceremonies in Timcheh Mozaffarieh in Tabriz Baazar which gives a special identity and fame to this place, and provides a sense of belonging to it. However, there are some problems in holding these ceremonies and an attempt was made to solve them by studying the problems and suggesting some solutions and also try to maintain the originality and durability of this precious place, which is due to holding special rituals and mourning ceremonies in Muharram, by inviting participants in these ceremonies, heads of mourning groups and businessmen in Timcheh to help. |