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Iranian Journal of Biotechnology، جلد ۱۶، شماره ۱، صفحات ۵۹-۶۵
عنوان فارسی
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عنوان انگلیسی Effects of Nonionic Surfactants on Xanthan Gum Production: a Survey on Cellular Interactions
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Background: Xanthomonas campestris is a biopolymer producing gram negative bacterium. Production of xanthan biopolymer can be aff ected by diff erent extrinsic factors as well as surfactants. Hitherto, eff ects of nonionic surfactants on xanthan production have been studied in a limited number of articles.Objective: In the present study, nonionic surfactants were used to pursue their eff ects on improvement of xanthan production. Moreover, a number of cellular consequences upon the treatment were investigated with impacts on gum production.Materials and Methods: Eff ects of diff erent nonionic surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X100) on xanthan production and Xanthomonas campestris cells were assessed by ultramicroscopy (SEM), changes in culture turbidity, leakage of sugars and ATP, and quality of xanthan (i.e. pyruvate content and determination of polymer molecular weight).Results: The nonionic surfactant Tween 20 increased ATP (3.2 folds) and sugar leakage (3.1 folds). Furthermore, they caused cell shape alteration. Tween 80 improved both xanthan production (11 g.L-1) and viscosity of the product (1368 cP), while the total biomass remained unchanged (2.2 g.L-1). Molecular weight of xanthan was enhanced (from 23 to 59 million Da). Toxic eff ect of 5% (v/v) Triton X 100 decreased the turbidity of culture to 120 NTU and total biomass was diminishedto 1 g.L-1. Tween 20 caused the loss of ATP and sugar leakage and led to lower xanthan production. Thus, it had no effect on biomass content.Conclusions: In general, amounts of surfactants that bacterial cells can tolerate seem to be helpful in substrate and metabolite transportation, and enzyme activities involved in xanthan biosynthesis and release. Surfactants induce harsh damages to cell barriers, preventing the growth and adversely aff ecting quantity and quality of xanthan gum.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Surfactant,Xanthomonas campestris,Xanthan gum
نویسندگان مقاله Tahereh Ghashghaei |
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

Mohammad Reza Soudi |
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

Saman Hoseinkhani |
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Morteza Shiri |
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

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