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ژئوپلیتیک، جلد ۱۳، شماره ۴۷، صفحات ۵۵-۷۸
عنوان فارسی تبیین نظری تغییر ماهیت مناطق ژئوپلیتیک در رقابت بین قدرت‌‌ها
چکیده فارسی مقاله از آغاز پیدایش ژئوپلیتیک، قدرت و رقابت جهت تسلط بر سرزمین و داشته‌‌های آن مبنای اصلی این دانش قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس، ژئوپلیتیک استعماری نیز که دوره نخست تاریخ ژئوپلیتیک با آن آغاز شده است، با اندیشه استعمارگری جهت تصاحب و تسلط بر مناطق جغرافیایی همراه شده است. رقابت جهت دست‌یابی به مناطق و داشته‌‌های آن تحت تأثیر دو نوع رویکرد قرار گرفته است. بن‌مایه رویکرد نخست بر حقایق جغرافیای طبیعی استوار است و رویکرد دوم مبتنی بر ایدئولوژی‌های برتری‌‌خواهانه است. همچنان ‌که در دوره جنگ سرد نیز رقابت قدرت‌ها جهت سلطه بر مناطق ماهیت ایدئولوژیک پیدا می‌‌کند. قدرت‌‌های رقیب در قالب استراتژی‌هایی همچون سد نفوذ، دومینو، ضد دومینو و غیره، خود را آشکار می‌ساختند؛ سیاست‌‌هایی که زمینه کمتری از حقایق جغرافیایی در آن نمایان بود. بعد از فروپاشی شوروی عصر جدیدی آغاز شد، در این عصر قدرت‌‌های منطقه‌‌ای نیز صاحب موقعیت جدیدی شدند که مناطق و حقایق جغرافیایی اهمیت دوباره‌ای یافت. به این ترتیب، پژوهش کنونی در قالب روش تفسیری- تحلیلی به‌دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش است که مناطق ژئوپلیتیک در رقابت بین قدرت‌‌ها چه ماهیتی را به خود دیده است؟ فرضیه موجود نشان‌گر این است که مناطق ژئوپلیتیک در رقابت بین قدرت‌‌ها  ابتدا ماهیت طبیعی داشت، سپس ماهیت ایدئولوژیک یافت و در دوره کنونی نیز حقایق جغرافیایی مناطق مورد تأکید قرار می‌گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله ژئوپلیتیک، رقابت، مناطق ژئوپلیتیک،
عنوان انگلیسی The Theoretical Explanation of the Nature of the Geopolitical Regions in Competition of the Powers
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله IntrductionGeopolitical regions has developed from the nineteenth century onwards. at the present timethe old colonial approaches has lost your application but neocolonial methods to gain powerand competition in the geographic areas and areas has taken the other shape as with thecollapse of the Soviet ::union::, the geopolitical regions, as well as was developed many otherconcepts the human community therefore, the approach of the competition of power in theareas has taken on a particular geographical basis. in this regard, the present research seeksto theoretical explanation of the process and the nature of the geopolitical regions in thepowers competition. MethodologyThis research seeks to explain the theoretical changes in the nature of geopolitical regions.Since the main purpose of the research is to extract and identify the process and change thenature of geopolitical regions in the competition between powers, from theoretical andqualitative aspects to explained the issues.Hence, The current research seeks to answer the question of what trends and nature ofgeopolitical regions have been seen in the rivalry between powers? FindingsAccording to previous studies are three types of view of geopolitics perception to areas: FirstView says that the countries in the every measure taken together (ranging from a global orregional) are similar to each other (generalization see). Second View, consider zones as"opposite". In this view a geopolitical region with other regions, differences and is like noother place (conflict). The third view, is the "comparative" approach. Based on thecomparative approach, geographic areas affect the behavior of countries and form the a levelof separate analysis and regional politics is not such as universal politics.The nature of the geopolitical regions while the imperialist geopolitics in the earlytwentieth century, had emphasized in importance of natural geography in the foreign polic and global strategy during the Cold War , the geopolitics more was trying the competitionand conflict with the Soviet ::union:: and America very closely the geography and also had todescribe in the complicated Ideology. As Mackinder introduced part of Russian territory asa land-based Central or geographical a local area, But George Kennan designer America'sforeign policy after the war, known as the "Containment strategy" Soviet, to Russia did notlook at as a simple territory, but it as a "threat" knew that finding is constantly expanding. Sothat designers competition and geopolitics experts took over around the world, "Us" or"them", "free world" against the "the communist and dictator world " were raised geopoliticsissues of West cold war. during the cold war, world different areas the vertical look, fromabove and from the charter of the East and West were entered geopolitical calculations, butin the new era, different regions of the world from the down and from within their areas andto be more precise Horizontal angle are into the international political relations andcompetition between powers. after the cold war almost all the regional powers, positions anda greater role In the their surrounding areas. ConclusionIn the field of theorizing on regional studies, have occurred Several changes. In the firstperiod, areas in terms of geographical units In other words, were defined geo-political andgeographic boundaries. This topic, traditional theorizing axis about the region Then, the areaswere possessed of functional features on the other hand, the name of the in the ancienttraditions had the imposed process and from the top down was managed and defined by thegreat powers. as the old, area of Natural Geography derived in the terms of land area, marineand other , but in the current era, in addition to the old approach is also used the geographyhuman dimension. accordingly the competition To achieve areas having Has caused theseareas to be defined by both geographical and ideologies approach. As Mackinder theories,Aspaykmn and Mahan, the natural approach and Ratzel views, Killen and Haushofer havethe thought approach. During the Cold War, also the powers competition for dominate onareas , finds ideological nature in terms of the influence dam and Domino after the Sovietcollapse, some regional powers also were possess positions and new powers. in this context,regional powers entered the competition In the areas and searches the significant contributionfor influence In the its surrounding area.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Geopolitics, Competition, Geopolitical regions
نویسندگان مقاله سید عباس احمدی |
استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران

مرجان بدیعی ازنداهی |
استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران

طهمورث حیدری موصلو |
دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران

نشانی اینترنتی http://journal.iag.ir/article_55807_d665dafda2abbd7bdda1fef6a83eae7f.pdf
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