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ژئوپلیتیک، جلد ۸، شماره ۲۵، صفحات ۱۳۵-۱۷۱
عنوان فارسی هویت‌ یابی شیعیان و ژئوپلیتیک نوین خاورمیانه
چکیده فارسی مقاله جنبش‌های اجتماعی در زمره اصلی‌ترین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر ژئوپلیتیک منطقه‌ای خاورمیانه محسوب می‌شوند. چنین تحولاتی را می‌توان در فرآیند دگرگونی‌های سیاسی بهار 2011 مورد توجه قرار داد. در تحولات خاورمیانه، شاهد تغییرات بنیادین در ساختار قدرت، فرآیند سیاسی و همچنین شکل‌بندی‌های ژئوپلیتیکی می‌باشیم. در این فرآیند، زمینه برای تغییرات ساختاری، جابجایی قدرت و گسترش بی‌ثباتی سیاسی به‌وجود آمده است.از جمله این تغییرات می‌توان به تغییر رهبران سیاسی در کشورهای مصر، تونس، لیبی و یمن، سرکوب انقلاب شیعیان عربستان و بحرین اشاره کرد. سوریه نیز در معرض دگرگونی‌های سیاسی قرار گرفته است. آمریکا به‌عنوان قدرت جهانی تلاش دارد تا در قالب تحولات سیاسی خاورمیانه، ژئوپلیتیک جدیدی را در منطقه به‌وجود آورد. این مقاله با روش تحلیل محتوا و تکیه بر منابع کتابخانه‌ای در صدد تبیین تحولات اخیر خاورمیانه می‌باشد. یافته‌های مقاله بیانگر هویت‌یابی شیعیان بر پایه سه محور «رشد فزاینده جمعیتی»، «مشارکت در قدرت» و «جغرافیای سیاسی» می‌باشد.  
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله
عنوان انگلیسی Explanation Shiite Identity Seeking and the Middle East's New Geopolitics
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Introduction Social movements are regarded as one of the most efficient factors affecting the Middle East's regional geopolitics. Such a development can be taken into consideration in the process of political changes in the spring of 2011. Watching the Middle East's developments, one can see fundamental changes in the power structure, political process and geopolitical formations. In this process, grounds have been prepared for structural changes, shift of power, and the spread of political instability. The evolutions including the political leaders change in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Yemen, and suppression of the Shiite revolutions in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Syria, are political changes. The United States, as a world power, is trying to create new geopolitics in the region within the framework of the Middle East's political developments. The article by using content analysis method based on library sources pursues to explain Middle East's recent developments. The  findings tend to define Shiite's identity seeking on the basis of three focal points of "demographic growth", "participation in power", and "political geography".   Methodology As a methodology the content analysis is used in this article. The role of political factors, identification and analysis of security events and developments in the Middle East has been evaluated.   Discussion and Results The Middle East in the 21st century has encountered with changed security equation. September 11 led to a sharp confrontation with the American conservative and Islamist extremist groups. Subsequently, the US. Military attack against Afghanistan in November 2001 and the overthrow of the Baas regime in Iraq in March 2003 occurred. As a result of US occupation, a new discourse by US authorities in connection with the Middle East came into being. Middle East equation, aimed at expanding the democratic process and westernization was organized in the region.   Conclusion New geopolitical developments of the Middle East began after the Cold War. It can be as result of numerous political actions of regional actors and international actors as well. In this process, the transformation of political equation has occurred. This sign can be regarded as various topics of interest. The results of this paper show that: 1-    During the Cold War, identity-oriented social forces in the Middle East were more active. The reason for this can be seen in the groups that were trying to form the new power equation. Among these groups, the Islamists and Shiites' can be considered as geopolitical power groups that were in lack of power in previous years. 2-    Islamist groups have been in the situation of confronting the power structure. This resulted in regional changes in the policy equation. Side effects of regional integration through the partnership between US and the Middle East have been revealed. On the other hand, in response to the rise of conservative groups and social groups have been an identity seeking action. 3-    US military forces in the Middle East and Persian Gulf, in the years after the collapse of the bipolar system and the end of the Cold War, have been significantly increased, so has created a regional war that led to Iraq and Afghanistan occupation. 4-    President Obama administration has made more efforts to control the security environment by means other than armed conflicts, trying to control Shiite movements in region, and radical anti-US approach that has trouble to cope with. This can be seen in connection with the Alliance of US and Saudi Arabia.       
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نویسندگان مقاله عباس مصلی‌نژاد |
- دانشیار علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران

نشانی اینترنتی http://journal.iag.ir/article_56078_57bb138a2d70867e5cd79d1030bc6196.pdf
فایل مقاله اشکال در دسترسی به فایل - ./files/site1/rds_journals/1515/article-1515-601553.pdf
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