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پژوهش های جغرافیای طبیعی، جلد ۵۰، شماره ۱، صفحات ۱۰۱-۱۲۲
عنوان فارسی تحلیل مورفولوژیکی مجرای رودخانۀ زرینه ‌رود با استفاده از مدل رزگن
چکیده فارسی مقاله در این پژوهش مورفولوژیِ مجرایِ رودخانه زرینه‏رود با استفاده از مدل ژئومورفولوژیکی رزگن بررسی می‏‌شود. این پژوهش متکی بر نقشه‏های توپوگرافی مقیاس 1:2000 و کارهای میدانی است. زرینه‏رود در بازه‏های بالادست سد نوروزلو عمدتاً از نوع C رزگن است. این رودخانه از پایین‏دست شهر محمودآباد تا پایاب سد انحرافی نوروزلو به نمونه‏ای مشخص از رودخانه‏های نوع C4 با بستر گراولی و مورفولوژی حوضچه- خیزآب تبدیل می‏شود. بازه‏های نوع D، به صورت محلی، در مقاطعی دیده می‏شوند که فرسایش‏پذیری شدید مواد کناره و کنترل محدود پوشش گیاهی بستری عریض با نسبت‏های عرض به عمق بالا و پشته‏های نقطه‏ای فعال داخل مجرا به‌وجود آورده‏اند. بازه‏های نوع G و F در امتداد سد نوروزلو تا شهر میاندوآب در نتیجه دخالت‏های انسانی‌ـ به صورت برداشت بی‏رویه شن و ماسه و گودافتادگی بستر رودخانه‌ـ به‌وجود آمده‏اند. این روند، به صورت منقطع، در امتداد پایین‏دست ادامه می‏یابد و رودخانه به بازه‏ای در حال گذار از نوع C به نوع F تبدیل می‏شود. زرینه‏رود در بازه انتهایی به رودخانه‏های نوع E تبدیل می‏شود. دخالت‏های نسبتاً کمِ عامل انسانی و دشت سیلابیِ هموار و توسعه‏یافته باعث افزایش نسبتِ گودشدگی شده است. همچنین، چسبندگی بالای مواد کناره به مقادیر پایین نسبت عرض به عمق منجر شده است.
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله پلان‌فرم، زرینه&،rlm،رود، مدل رزگن، مدل HEC-RAS، مورفولوژی،
عنوان انگلیسی Morphological Analysis of Zarrineh-Roud River Using Rosgen Model
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Zarrineh Roud River based on different variables, such as channel planform, geological controls, bed material and anthropogenic effects, was divided into five different reaches: Reach (1) from start point to Shahindejh industrial town; reach (2) from industrial town to Norouzlu Dam; reach (3) from this dam to Miandoab city; reach (4) from Miandoab to Chelik village; reach (5) from Chelik village to Urmia Lake. Reach (1) is type C3, which according to the slope and bed material divided into two sub-reach: sub-reach C3b and sub-reach C3. Type C3 streams have a good recovery potential, moderate sediment supply, moderate streambank erosion potential and very high vegetation controlling. In this reach, the lateral dynamic of channel is low due to the geological variable control and low erodibility of bank material. Also, the bed incision is largely limited due to the presence of coarse material and bed armoring. Therefore, this reach is relatively stable. From start point of reach (2) appears significant changes in the geomorphological characteristics of the Zarrineh Roud River. Floodplain width significantly developed and geological controls reduced. In this reach, Zarrineh Roud River become specific example of gravel bed rivers that extends to the downstream of Norouzlu Dam. At the upstream of reach (2), the river transformed into a type D4 stream. According to the field studies, high erodibility of bank materials along with poor control of vegetation are the main reasons to create the type D in the some parts of this reach. Other parts of reach (2) are very specific example of type C stream that according to the slope and bed material, belong to the type C4. This reach, shows a complete characteristics of type C4 streams, so that, has a high sediment supply, very high streambank erosion potential and very high vegetation controlling. In fact, vegetation cover combined with the erodibility of the streambanks determines the degree of lateral adjustment and stability of this reach. In this reach, most meanders are active. Lateral migration of meanders accompanied by the mass failure in elevated clay banks. Reach (3), from downstream of Norouzlu dam to Miandoab city, in most sections, are converted to type G and type F streams. In fact, in this reach, a conversion has taken place from type C (C4 in upstream and C5 in downstream) to type G and type F due to very extensive anthropogenic interference. In this reach, sand and gravel mining is widely and uncontrolled. River bed entrenched up to several meters (confined) and often with steep and vertical banks isolated from floodplain. Type G5, type F4 and type F5 streams have Very poor recovery potential, very high sediment supply, very high streambank erosion potential and high vegetation controlling. This reach in terms of natural lateral dynamic is inactive. Based on the delineative criteria of Rosgen model, reach (4) have characteristics of the type C5b streams. In this reach, flood prone areas are reduced due to the human interference. Flood prone areas mainly accordance with scroll bars which developed in the convex sides of meanders. This reach due to the anthropogenic disturbances does not have typical characteristic of type C streams and is better be considered as reach that converting from type C to type F. Reach (5) be converted to a type E that according to substrate material and slope, divided into two sub-reaches: sub-reach type E5b in the upstream and sub-reach type E6b in the downstream. In this reach, floodplain is very broad and developed. Creating a developed meandering pattern is related to the low stream power and cohesive bank material. This reach is relatively stable. Efficiency of Rosgen model in the upstream reaches of Norouzlu Dam and final reach is relatively good and almost all sections are compatible with a type of Rosgen streams. In these reaches, river form and pattern is largely indicates the processes governing river channel and river morphology controlled by variations of stream power and variability of bank and riparian conditions. In the both reaches (3) and (4), due to high control of anthropogenic factors, explanation ability of the Rosgen model limited and incompatibilities observed in determining the type of Rosgen streams. These two reaches are critical reaches along the Zarrineh Roud River. Rosgen (1997) proposed four priority in its geomorphological approach to restoration of incised rivers that prioritized as follows: Convert G and/or F stream types to C or E at previous elevation w/floodplain; Convert F and/or G stream types to C or E; reestablishment of floodplain at existing level or higher but not at original level; Convert to a new stream type without an active floodplain but containing a flood prone area. Convert G to B stream type or F to Bc; Stabilize channel in place. Considering that rehabilitation and restoration of type G and type F are difficult, it is better to with apply restrictions in relation to sand mining avoided of the conversion the reach (4) (downstream Miandoab) to type G or type F. For type F and type G reaches, due to the high population density in the region and increase the probability of flood event, the second priority, Convert F and/or G stream types to C or E and reestablishment of floodplain at existing level or higher but not at original level is recommended.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله
نویسندگان مقاله منصور خیری زاده اروق |
دانش ‏آموختة دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکدة جغرافیا و برنامه ‏ریزی، دانشگاه تبریز

محمدحسین رضائی مقدم |
استاد گروه ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکدة جغرافیا و برنامه‏ ریزی، دانشگاه تبریز

رسول دانش فراز |
دانشیار گروه عمران، دانشکدة فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه مراغه

معصومه رجبی |
استاد گروه ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکدة جغرافیا و برنامه‏ ریزی، دانشگاه تبریز

نشانی اینترنتی https://jphgr.ut.ac.ir/article_68023_c27ada548482af65b0149cac85af820d.pdf
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