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Medical Journal of Islamic Republic of Iran، جلد ۳۵، شماره ۱، صفحات ۱۱۴۸-۱۱۵۲
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عنوان انگلیسی Evaluation of Visual Skills in Soccer Referees and Assistant Referees
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Background: As a soccer referee or an assistant referee, having perfect visual skills is mandatory, which will help make quick and accurate decisions in the field of the play and during matches; however, this skill is not well studied among referrers. This study aimed to assess the visual skills of referees and assistant referees.    Methods: Men's professional referees and assistant referees working for the Iran football federation were investigated in 2019. The visual skill investigation consists of the evaluation of static visual acuity, color vision, stereoacuity, intraocular pressure, confrontation test, and eye anatomical assessment with slit lamp. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software Version 18.    Results: In this study, 159 men's professional referees and assistant referees with a mean age of 35.52±5.39 were selected. The results of this study showed that 1.88% of the referees and assistant referees had color blindness dyschromatopsia) and 3.14% of them needed more follow-up examinations. The mean spherical equivalent of examined eyes was -0.42D in the right eye and -0.16 D in the left eye.    Conclusion: Our results showed that referees and assistant referees both had some kind of visual skill deficiencies. As visual skills are among the fundamental skills for success in referees in dynamic sports such as soccer, all of them must undergo visual skill assessments during the precompetition period to avoid any errors in judgment due to visual disturbances.  
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Visual, Soccer, Sports
نویسندگان مقاله | Amir Houshang Behesht Nejad
Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


| Tohid Seif Barghi
Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


| Bahar Hassanmirzaei
Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, & Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center (IFMARC), Tehran, Iran


| Leila Ghanbari
Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Islamic Azad University Astara Branch, Astara, Iran


| Homa Naderifar
Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
نشانی اینترنتی http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6556-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1
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کد مقاله (doi)
زبان مقاله منتشر شده en
موضوعات مقاله منتشر شده Physical Medecine& Rehabilitaion
نوع مقاله منتشر شده Original Research
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