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Medical Journal of Islamic Republic of Iran، جلد ۳۵، شماره ۱، صفحات ۱۱۴۱-۱۱۴۸
عنوان فارسی
چکیده فارسی مقاله
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله
عنوان انگلیسی Cultural Adaptation of the Iranian Version of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” Olfactory Test
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله     Background: Psychophysical tests are typically used for clinical assessment of human smelling function. Given that olfactory identification is linked to the regional culture, the main aim of this study was to provide the comprehensive "sniffin' sticks" olfactory test, culturally adapted on the Iranian population as well as to examine the discriminatory power of this test between normal people and patients with olfactory disorder.    Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 3 steps. A total of 200 healthy people were recruited to determine odor familiarity (using Likert- scale) for the first step. In the second step, based on the original sniffin' sticks test and odor familiarity, 16 odor items were selected. Odor modification was performed and the identification part of the sniffin' sticks test was created. Then, 99 patients with olfactory disorders and 214 healthy participants were tested using the Iranian sniffin' sticks test (Ir-SST). After 2 to 4 weeks, participants were reexamined and test reliability was evaluated by using a Pearson correlation coefficient test.     Results: The Ir-SST showed that scores of patients with smell loss were significantly lower than normosmic participants (13.6 ± 5.24 vs 34.3 ± 3.41, P < 0.001). The sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (93.5%) of the test were also found to be high. Test-retest reliability was as follows: composite score: r = 0.8; odor identification: r = 0.83; odor threshold: r = 0.77; and odor discrimination test: r = 0.56; P < 0.001.    Conclusion: The results suggest that the Ir-SST can be effectively adapted to the Iranian population. The current study validates that the sniffin' sticks olfactory test is applicable as a useful screening tool for comprehensive assessment of olfactory function in an Iranian population.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Olfaction, Sense of Smell, Smell Disorders, Cultural Adaptation, Sniffin’ Sticks Test
نویسندگان مقاله | Seyed Kamran Kamrava
ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


کا | Seyedeh Fahimeh Hosseini
Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


| Mohammad Farhadi
ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


| Maryam Jalessi
Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


| Atefeh Talebi
Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


| Elehe Amini
Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


| Rafieh Alizadeh
ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
نشانی اینترنتی http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6194-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1
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کد مقاله (doi)
زبان مقاله منتشر شده en
موضوعات مقاله منتشر شده Otorhinolaryngology
نوع مقاله منتشر شده Original Research
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