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Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering، جلد ۴۱، شماره ۵، صفحات ۱۶۵۷-۱۶۷۲
عنوان فارسی بهینه‌سازی طراحی D-Optimal برای استری‌سازی تقطیر اسیدهای چرب پالم با الکل‌های پلی‌هیدریک برای تولید روان‌کننده‌های زیستی
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عنوان انگلیسی D-Optimal Design Optimization for Esterification of Palm Fatty Acids Distillate with Polyhydric Alcohols for Biolubricants Production
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Plant-based bio-lubricant is crucial to be developed and adopted by many industries.  This is due to the presence of toxicity risk, climate change, energy security as well green-environmental approach issues. The utilization of palm oil processing industries' by-product, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD-based bio-lubricants is one way of a green environment approach. A synthesis of polyol esters based on PFAD for bio-lubricants was carried out. The esterification of PFAD with high-degree polyhydric alcohols trimethylolpropane (TMP), di-trimethylopropane (di-TMP), pentaerythritol (PE), and di-pentaerythritol (Di-PE) in the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) catalyst have been performed. The optimization of the esterification reaction process was evaluated using a D-optimal design based on three reaction parameters; H2SO4 concentration (%) for the catalyst, esterification time (h), and esterification temperature (°C).  The chemical structure of the synthesized polyol esters w:as char:acterized and confirmed by using FT-IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopies. The results showed that PFAD-based polyesters of PFAD-TMP ester successfully produced high yields of 93% compared to others.  The synthesized PFAD-based polyesters showed good lubrication properties with high viscosity indices in the range of 141-187, pour points (-5 to 5 ºC), flash points (230-360 ºC), and oxidative stability temperature (188-301 °C), respectively. The ester functional group present in the chemical structure of PFAD-based polyesters showed a positive impact on the lubrication properties. The study indicated that PFAD-based polyesters are plausible to be used in industrial bio-lubricant applications.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Palm fatty acid distillate,d-optimal design,Biolubricants,Response surface methodology
نویسندگان مقاله Majd Ahmed Jumaah |
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA

Nadia Salih |
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA

Jumat Salimon |
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA

نشانی اینترنتی https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_244574_a529056bf34ce44a74e25adb46b573d2.pdf
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