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Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences، جلد ۲۹، شماره ۳، صفحات ۴۵۸-۴۶۷
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عنوان انگلیسی Fluoxetine attenuates UPR-activation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in a nitroglycerin-induced rat model of migraine
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Objective(s): Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and dysregulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the brain. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), has demonstrated neuroprotective properties, but its effects on UPR activation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in migraine are not well defined. This study evaluates the effects of fluoxetine on UPR-related gene expression, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers in a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced chronic migraine rat model.Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into control, NTG-induced chronic migraine, and fluoxetine-treated groups. Behavioral light aversion was assessed. Trigeminal ganglion tissues were analyzed for expression of UPR-associated genes (Bip, XBP-1, CHOP) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, NF-κB, TNF-α) using molecular techniques. Serum levels of oxidative stress indicators, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were measured.Results: Our results demonstrate that fluoxetine treatment effectively tempered the maladaptive UPR by modulating the expression of Bip, XBP-1, and CHOP. It also suppressed neuroinflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and enhancing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Fluoxetine also counteracted oxidative stress by restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA), and enhancing overall antioxidant capacity (TAC). Importantly, these positive biochemical changes were correlated with a significant reduction in light aversion behavior. Conclusion: Fluoxetine exerts protective effects in an NTG-induced migraine model by modulating UPR pathways, reducing neuroinflammation, and alleviating oxidative stress. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic agent targeting multiple pathways in migraine pathophysiology.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Cytokines, Fluoxetine, Migraine disorders, Nitroglycerin, Oxidative stress, Unfolded protein response
نویسندگان مقاله | Mahnaz Sadat Moshtaghian
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Autophagy Research Centre School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran


| Amir Hossein Yousefi Nejad
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran


| Mohammad Reza Namavar
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran


| Fatemeh Zal
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Autophagy Research Centre School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran


| Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Autophagy Research Centre School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran


| Zahra Khoshdel
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Autophagy Research Centre School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
نشانی اینترنتی https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_27371.html
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نوع مقاله منتشر شده Original Article
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